{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.cerebral-sulcus","code":"thing-q2560248","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q2560248/","name":"cerebral sulcus","alternateNames":["parieto-occipital sulcus","chiasmatic groove","central insular sulcus","hippocampal sulcus","precentral sulcus","inferior frontal sulcus","intraparietal sulcus","inferior temporal sulcus","cingulate sulcus","sulcus occipitotemporalis","superior frontal sulcus","olfactory sulcus"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.2","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.LIV"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A groove or furrow on the surface of the cerebral cortex separating neighbouring gyri, with named sulci such as the central, precentral, inferior frontal, parieto-occipital and hippocampal sulci and the central sulcus of the insula, serving as landmarks that divide lobes and regions, and containing the subarachnoid space and vessels; sulci form during brain development, vary between individuals and are used in neuroanatomy, imaging and surgery.","purpose":"Let an agent explain cerebral sulci and their anatomy and development, identify named sulci and their landmark roles, describe their use in imaging and surgery, and support learning in neuroanatomy.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Cortical folding","Landmark function","Lobe boundaries","Individual variation"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What sulci are.","layers":[{"id":"anatomy","name":"Anatomy","description":"Anatomy.","findings":[{"id":"anatomy-finding","name":"Anatomy","description":"Anatomy.","questions":[{"text":"What are sulci, how do they relate to gyri and fissures, and how are they named?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which sulcus is meant?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"named","name":"Named","description":"Named sulci.","findings":[{"id":"named-finding","name":"Named","description":"Named.","questions":[{"text":"Where are the major named sulci, and which lobes and regions do they bound?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits a specific sulcus?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"development","name":"Development","description":"Development and variation.","layers":[{"id":"development","name":"Development","description":"Development.","findings":[{"id":"development-finding","name":"Development","description":"Development.","questions":[{"text":"How do sulci form during brain development, and what determines folding patterns?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits brain development?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"variation","name":"Variation","description":"Variation and disorders.","findings":[{"id":"variation-finding","name":"Variation","description":"Variation.","questions":[{"text":"How do sulci vary between individuals, and what disorders involve abnormal folding, in general terms?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which findings are contested?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"clinical","name":"Clinical","description":"Imaging and surgery.","layers":[{"id":"imaging","name":"Imaging","description":"Landmarks in imaging.","findings":[{"id":"imaging-finding","name":"Imaging","description":"Imaging.","questions":[{"text":"How are sulci used as landmarks in neuroimaging and neurosurgical planning?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the user asking about their own scan, which needs a clinician?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"spaces","name":"Spaces","description":"Subarachnoid space and vessels.","findings":[{"id":"spaces-finding","name":"Spaces","description":"Spaces.","questions":[{"text":"How do sulci relate to the subarachnoid space, cerebrospinal fluid and blood vessels?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits the meninges?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"learn","name":"Learn","description":"History and teaching.","layers":[{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History.","findings":[{"id":"history-finding","name":"History","description":"History.","questions":[{"text":"How were sulci mapped and named in the history of neuroanatomy?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"teach","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching.","findings":[{"id":"teach-finding","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching.","questions":[{"text":"How can cortical anatomy be taught with atlases and models?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which misconceptions arise?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Name and locate cerebral sulci from standard anatomical atlases.","Explain their use as landmarks dividing lobes.","Label brain images it is authorized to analyse for research."],"mustNot":["Interpret a person's brain scan as a diagnosis.","Claim that sulcal patterns reveal intelligence or character.","Share identifiable brain images without consent.","Present individual variation in sulci as abnormal without evidence."],"requiresHuman":["Telling a person what their brain scan shows."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Brain anatomy has been misused to rank people.","Brain images are sensitive health data."],"affectedParties":["Patients","Research participants","Students"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody: an anatomical structure; neuroanatomy describes it.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q104033818","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q1983003","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q66591297","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"sulcus","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"groove","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"gyrus","type":"related","note":"the ridges between sulci"},{"target":"neurology","type":"related","note":"clinical relevance of sulci"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.cerebral-sulcus","Wikidata: Q2560248 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2560248)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["Sulcal depth:  mm - Depth is measured from the cortical surface to the sulcal fundus using anatomical specimens or reconstructed brain images.","Sulcal width:  mm - Width is measured between opposing sulcal banks at a specified location and varies with anatomy and measurement method.","Sulcal length:  mm - Length is measured along a defined sulcal trajectory on an anatomical specimen or reconstructed cortical surface."]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Groove between gyri","Named by position and lobe","A gyrus is the ridge; a fissure is a deep major cleft","Furrows between ridges on the brain surface."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain anatomy and development","identify named sulci","describe use as landmarks","support learning"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Confusing sulci with fissures or gyri","Ignoring individual variation","Agents interpreting personal scans"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Neuroanatomical nomenclature","Neuroimaging atlas standards","No regulation of the structure"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Grooves of the cerebral cortex.","major sulci such as the central and lateral sulci","frontal sulci","parietal and occipital sulci such as the parieto-occipital sulcus","temporal and limbic sulci such as the hippocampal sulcus","insular sulci"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q2560248: cerebral sulcus","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2560248","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Sulcus (neuroanatomy)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulcus_%28neuroanatomy%29","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should each named sulcus be a separate entry?","How should brain atlases be linked?","How should developmental resources be linked?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q2560248/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q2560248/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T04:28:22Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:29+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}