{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.sail","code":"thing-q25999","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q25999/","name":"sail","alternateNames":["wingsail","inflatable wing sail","windsurf sail rig","Spanker (sail)","mainsail","spinnaker","lateen sail","square rig","Drabler","WindWing","royal","topsail"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.3","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.OBJ"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A surface of fabric or rigid material that captures wind to propel a boat, ship, windsurfer or land vehicle, in forms such as square and fore-and-aft sails, mainsails, jibs, spinnakers and spankers, rigid wingsails and inflatable wing sails, and windsurf sail rigs; sails work by generating lift and drag, are made from cotton, flax or modern synthetic fabrics and are rigged on masts and spars under systems such as sloop, ketch and junk rigs.","purpose":"Let an agent explain sails and how they work, describe kinds and rigs, relay materials, design and safety, and distinguish sails from kites, wind turbines and other wind devices.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Lift and drag propulsion","Fabric or rigid forms","Rig-dependent shapes","Trim and control"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"How sails work.","layers":[{"id":"aerodynamics","name":"Aerodynamics","description":"Aerodynamics.","findings":[{"id":"aerodynamics-finding","name":"Aerodynamics","description":"Aerodynamics.","questions":[{"text":"How do sails generate lift and drag, and how can boats sail upwind?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the device a sail, a kite or another wind device?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"kinds","name":"Kinds","description":"Kinds and rigs.","findings":[{"id":"kinds-finding","name":"Kinds","description":"Kinds.","questions":[{"text":"What kinds of sail exist, and how do rigs combine them?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific sail or rig?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"make","name":"Make","description":"Materials and design.","layers":[{"id":"materials","name":"Materials","description":"Materials.","findings":[{"id":"materials-finding","name":"Materials","description":"Materials.","questions":[{"text":"What materials are sails made from, from canvas to laminates and rigid wings?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"design","name":"Design","description":"Sail design.","findings":[{"id":"design-finding","name":"Design","description":"Design.","questions":[{"text":"How are sails designed, cut and measured, including under class rules?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits sailmaking?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"use","name":"Use","description":"Handling and safety.","layers":[{"id":"handling","name":"Handling","description":"Trim and handling.","findings":[{"id":"handling-finding","name":"Handling","description":"Handling.","questions":[{"text":"How are sails trimmed, reefed and handled, in general terms?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the user seeking instruction for real sailing, which needs a qualified course?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"safety","name":"Safety","description":"Safety.","findings":[{"id":"safety-finding","name":"Safety","description":"Safety.","questions":[{"text":"What safety issues involve sails, and how are they managed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"History and future.","layers":[{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History.","findings":[{"id":"history-finding","name":"History","description":"History.","questions":[{"text":"How did sails develop from ancient square sails to modern rigs and wingsails?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits the history of sailing?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"future","name":"Future","description":"Wind-assisted shipping.","findings":[{"id":"future-finding","name":"Future","description":"Future.","questions":[{"text":"How are sails and wingsails being revived for cargo ships, as reported?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits wind-assisted propulsion?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Report sail condition, trim and wind data for a vessel it is authorized to assist.","Explain sail types and reefing practice from seamanship sources."],"mustNot":["Keep full sail up when the forecast or crew ability does not allow it.","Advise sailing without the required safety equipment or lifejackets.","Adjust rigging or hoist sails on a vessel it is not authorized to handle.","Report a damaged sail or worn rigging as sound."],"requiresHuman":["Any decision to leave harbour or to continue in worsening weather.","Changing sail plan or reefing in heavy conditions."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Overpressed sails capsize boats and kill crew, often inexperienced ones.","Rig failure under load injures people on deck."],"affectedParties":["Crew and passengers","Rescue services","The vessel's owner"]},"owners":{"steward":"The skipper of the vessel; the owner holds the boat and its gear.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q15688633","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q2424752","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q2583685","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"ship element","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"propulsion","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"product","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"mast","type":"related","note":"and spars"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.sail","Wikidata: Q25999 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25999)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["Sail area:  m2 - Measure the sail surface using a stated geometric or class measurement convention.","Areal mass:  g/m2 - Measure the mass per unit area of the sailcloth or laminate.","Tensile strength:  N/m - Measure breaking force per specimen width in a stated material direction under specified test conditions.","Air permeability:  L/(m2 s) - Measure airflow through a unit area of sail material at a stated pressure difference."]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Wind-catching surface for propulsion","Mainsail, jib, spinnaker, spanker, wingsail, windsurf sail","Kites fly on lines; wind turbines extract power; solar sails use light pressure","A large fabric or rigid surface set on a mast to catch the wind."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain aerodynamics and kinds","describe rigs and materials","relay design and handling","distinguish from related devices"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Tearing and rig failure","Capsize from overpowering","Confusing sail types and rigs"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Class rules for racing sails","ISO standards for small craft rigging","Sail measurement rules of sailing federations"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Propelling craft by wind.","square sails","fore-and-aft sails: mainsail, jib, genoa, mizzen and spanker","downwind sails: spinnaker and gennaker","rigid and inflatable wingsails","windsurf and kite-adjacent sail rigs","sails for land and ice yachts","modern cargo ship sails"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q25999: sail","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25999","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Sail","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sail","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should each sail type be a separate entry?","How should class rules be linked?","The registry entry has merged aliases naming specific sail types and technologies; should they be split off?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q25999/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q25999/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-13T01:10:31Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:29+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}