{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.bone","code":"thing-q265868","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q265868/","name":"bone","alternateNames":["bone tool","antler","whalebone","bone as food","beef bones","pork bones","veal bone","Filtben","facial skeleton","intermuscular bones","chickadee bone","chicken bone"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.MAT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A bone is a rigid organ forming part of a vertebrate's endoskeleton, composed of bone tissue together with associated tissues such as marrow, blood vessels, nerves and connective tissue coverings; whalebone is keratinous baleen and is not bone.","purpose":"Let an agent recognise bones as organs of the vertebrate endoskeleton, describe their structure and functions, and address source, uses, legal limits and safety when bones are encountered as remains or animal products, routing medical questions to professionals.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["A bone is an organ containing mineralised bone tissue and other associated tissues.","Bones support and protect the body and provide attachment sites that enable movement.","Bone tissue stores minerals, while blood-cell production occurs in red marrow within certain bones.","Bones have been used as a material since prehistory.","Some animal bones are subject to wildlife trade restrictions."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"tissue","name":"Tissue","description":"Biology.","layers":[{"id":"structure","name":"Structure","description":"Layers.","findings":[{"id":"structure-finding","name":"Structure","description":"Bone structure.","questions":[{"text":"How is bone structured, in general terms?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"How does it remodel?","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"health","name":"Health","description":"Fractures and density.","findings":[{"id":"health-finding","name":"Health","description":"Bone health.","questions":[{"text":"Does a suspected fracture need medical assessment?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"What does official guidance say about bone health?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"material","name":"Material","description":"Uses.","layers":[{"id":"crafts","name":"Crafts","description":"Tools and carving.","findings":[{"id":"crafts-finding","name":"Crafts","description":"Craft use.","questions":[{"text":"How has bone been used for tools and carving?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the source animal legal to use?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"industry","name":"Industry","description":"By-products.","findings":[{"id":"industry-finding","name":"Industry","description":"Industrial use.","questions":[{"text":"How are animal bones processed industrially?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which rules apply?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"food","name":"Food","description":"Cooking.","layers":[{"id":"cooking","name":"Cooking","description":"Stocks and marrow.","findings":[{"id":"cooking-finding","name":"Cooking","description":"Cooking.","questions":[{"text":"How are bones used in stocks and dishes?","kind":"action"},{"text":"How long should they be cooked?","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"safety","name":"Safety","description":"Choking and pets.","findings":[{"id":"safety-finding","name":"Safety","description":"Food safety.","questions":[{"text":"Could small bones cause choking?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Are cooked bones unsafe for dogs?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"heritage","name":"Heritage","description":"Archaeology.","layers":[{"id":"artefacts","name":"Artefacts","description":"Finds.","findings":[{"id":"artefacts-finding","name":"Artefacts","description":"Bone artefacts.","questions":[{"text":"What do bone artefacts reveal, according to archaeologists?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"How are they dated?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"remains","name":"Human remains","description":"Respect.","findings":[{"id":"remains-finding","name":"Remains","description":"Human remains.","questions":[{"text":"Are human remains involved, requiring legal and ethical care?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Who should be informed?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Describe bones as organs, their constituent tissues and the uses and history of bones as materials.","Handle animal bone products following food safety and trade rules."],"mustNot":["Disturb, remove or trade human bones except under lawful and respectful authority.","Trade in bones from protected species in breach of wildlife law.","Present human remains in a disrespectful way.","Interpret medical images of a person's bones in place of a clinician.","Classify whalebone as a bone or as bone tissue."],"requiresHuman":["Handling human remains found in excavation or construction requires human oversight.","Identifying whether bone material comes from a protected species requires human review."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Human bones are remains of people and are owed dignity and, where known, return to their communities.","Trade in bone material has driven species towards extinction."],"affectedParties":["Descendants and communities of the dead","Protected species","Patients"]},"owners":{"steward":"The person who holds it lawfully; human remains fall under coroners, heritage or burial authorities.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["Wildlife trade permits under international trade conventions"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q112826975","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q24060765","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q629103","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"skeleton","type":"related","note":"body"},{"target":"tissue and animal product","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"tools and crafts","type":"related","note":"materials"},{"target":"CITES for some species","type":"related","note":"trade"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.bone","Wikidata: Q265868 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q265868)","Uberon id: UBERON:0001474 bone element"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["Length:  mm - Measure between defined anatomical landmarks because dimensions depend on the bone, species and individual.","Apparent density:  g/cm3 - Measure mass divided by bulk specimen volume while specifying hydration and whether pore spaces are included.","Porosity:  % - Determine the void fraction using calibrated imaging or another validated method while distinguishing cortical and trabecular regions.","Elastic modulus:  GPa - Determine stiffness through mechanical testing with the loading direction, tissue condition and specimen geometry recorded."]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["A bone's shape and anatomical position help identify its role in the endoskeleton.","Cortical and trabecular bone are tissue arrangements within a bone rather than separate organ categories.","Bone tools and carvings may preserve only fragments of the original organ.","Antler and ivory are related but distinct materials, while whalebone is keratinous baleen.","Hard, pale material with dense outer and spongy inner layers."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain bone tissue in general terms","use bone in cooking safely","identify bone artefacts","follow rules on protected species materials"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Choking on small bones","Trading protected species materials","Interpreting fractures without a clinician"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["CITES for protected species products","Animal by-product regulations","Human remains legislation"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Support and protection in the body; as material, tools, crafts and food.","human and animal bone tissue","bone as food (stocks, marrow)","bone tools and carvings","antler and whalebone","bone meal and industrial uses"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q265868: bone","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q265868","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Bone","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should bone tissue and bone material be separate entries?","How should animal by-product rules be linked?","How should archaeological bone be linked?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q265868/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q265868/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-11T09:06:37Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T12:16:31+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}