{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.fibrous-tunic-of-eyeball","code":"thing-q2713281","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q2713281/","name":"fibrous tunic of eyeball","alternateNames":["fibrous layer of right eyeball","fibrous layer of left eyeball"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.1.0-research.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.OBJ"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"The fibrous tunic of the eyeball is its outer connective-tissue coat, formed by the transparent cornea anteriorly and the opaque sclera posteriorly, which together protect the ocular contents and help maintain the globe's shape.","purpose":"Enable an agent to recognise the fibrous tunic of an eyeball, record its regional structure and condition, and assess whether evidence supports further observation or specialist review.","scope":{"in":["Cornea and sclera as constituent regions of one fibrous tunic","Corneoscleral continuity and localisation of the limbal transition","Regional thickness, curvature and tissue organisation","Regional transparency and mechanical integrity","Localised defects, repairs and observations with acquisition context"],"out":["The whole eyeball and its overall visual performance","Retina and the vascular tunic, including choroid, ciliary body and iris","Conjunctiva, tear film, eyelids and orbital connective tissues as independent structures","Lens, aqueous humour, vitreous body and their disorders","Standalone disease models and treatment protocols","Detailed constituent models of cornea or sclera beyond their contribution to the combined coat"],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["The referent includes both cornea and sclera; a record describing only either constituent is narrower than this entry. Their combination forms the human fibrous tunic. [Anatomical review](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12133147/)","The corneoscleral junction identifies the transition between its anterior corneal region and scleral region. [Limbus anatomy](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2695343/)","Its anatomical identity is the outer coat, distinct from the vascular and neural tunics. [Anatomical review](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12133147/)","Normal human regional appearance combines a transparent cornea with an opaque sclera; altered transparency must be recorded as condition rather than used alone to reject identity. [Anatomical review](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12133147/)"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"corneoscleral-identity","name":"Corneoscleral identity","description":"Identify the registered anatomical whole and the extent actually observed.","layers":[{"id":"whole-and-constituents","name":"Whole and constituents","description":"Connect regional records to the combined outer coat.","findings":[{"id":"represented-anatomical-extent","name":"Represented anatomical extent","description":"Record whether the evidence represents the whole tunic or a specified constituent region.","questions":[{"text":"Does this record denote the combined cornea and sclera or only a regional observation?","id":"represented-anatomical-extent-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which constituent regions are directly observed, and which are outside the observation?","id":"represented-anatomical-extent-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"eye-and-specimen-context","name":"Eye and specimen context","description":"Anchor the coat to its bearer, side and specimen state.","findings":[{"id":"anatomical-bearer","name":"Anatomical bearer","description":"Retain species, laterality and specimen provenance for each represented tunic.","questions":[{"text":"Which organism or specimen and which eye does this tunic belong to?","id":"anatomical-bearer-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Was the tunic observed in vivo, intact after removal, or as processed tissue?","id":"anatomical-bearer-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"limbus-and-tissue-boundaries","name":"Limbus and tissue boundaries","description":"Locate the corneoscleral transition and distinguish the coat from neighbouring tissues.","layers":[{"id":"corneoscleral-transition","name":"Corneoscleral transition","description":"Represent the limbus as a localised transition with an explicit identification method.","findings":[{"id":"limbal-localisation","name":"Limbal localisation","description":"Record the landmark or criterion used to delimit the corneal and scleral regions.","questions":[{"text":"Which visible, imaging or histological criterion identifies the limbal transition?","id":"limbal-localisation-q01","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"How is the observation located around and relative to that transition?","id":"limbal-localisation-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"adjacent-tissue-separation","name":"Adjacent tissue separation","description":"Identify interfaces used to separate the tunic from surrounding or underlying structures.","findings":[{"id":"included-tissue-interfaces","name":"Included tissue interfaces","description":"Make tissue inclusion explicit when segmentation or specimen preparation crosses neighbouring structures.","questions":[{"text":"Which interfaces delimit the fibrous tunic in this image or specimen?","id":"included-tissue-interfaces-q01","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Does the measurement include adjacent conjunctival, episcleral or uveal tissue, and how was that determined?","id":"included-tissue-interfaces-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"regional-geometry-and-architecture","name":"Regional geometry and architecture","description":"Describe the coat's spatial dimensions and region-specific tissue organisation.","layers":[{"id":"thickness-and-shape","name":"Thickness and shape","description":"Locate dimensional observations on named surfaces and regions.","findings":[{"id":"regional-dimensional-profile","name":"Regional dimensional profile","description":"Record thickness and curvature with anatomical position and acquisition conditions.","questions":[{"text":"What thickness or curvature was measured, at which corneal, limbal or scleral location?","id":"regional-dimensional-profile-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which surfaces, method and uncertainty define the measurement?","id":"regional-dimensional-profile-q02","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What pressure, hydration or preservation conditions were recorded during acquisition?","id":"regional-dimensional-profile-q03","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"fibrous-tissue-organisation","name":"Fibrous tissue organisation","description":"Capture observed architecture without extrapolating a local sample to the whole coat.","findings":[{"id":"regional-fibre-pattern","name":"Regional fibre pattern","description":"Describe observed fibre arrangement and the region and depth from which it was obtained.","questions":[{"text":"What fibre organisation is directly resolved in the sampled corneal, limbal or scleral tissue?","id":"regional-fibre-pattern-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which sampling depth, orientation and preparation support that description?","id":"regional-fibre-pattern-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"optical-and-mechanical-condition","name":"Optical and mechanical condition","description":"Assess regional clarity and the structural behaviour of the outer coat.","layers":[{"id":"corneal-clarity","name":"Corneal clarity","description":"Localise optical observations to the corneal region and distinguish tissue from surface effects.","findings":[{"id":"clarity-assessment","name":"Clarity assessment","description":"Record the extent, depth and observational basis of reduced corneal clarity.","questions":[{"text":"Where and at what depth is reduced corneal clarity observed?","id":"clarity-assessment-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What evidence attributes the appearance to corneal tissue rather than the tear film or imaging artefact?","id":"clarity-assessment-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"wall-integrity-and-response","name":"Wall integrity and response","description":"Record continuity and measured deformation with sufficient context to interpret them.","findings":[{"id":"coat-continuity","name":"Coat continuity","description":"Distinguish a local defect from intact or insufficiently assessed tissue.","questions":[{"text":"Is a discontinuity detected, and what are its region, extent and depth?","id":"coat-continuity-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What evidence supports or excludes involvement of the full wall thickness?","id":"coat-continuity-q02","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"observed-mechanical-response","name":"Observed mechanical response","description":"Retain measured response separately from inferred material properties.","questions":[{"text":"Which deformation or mechanical response was measured under which loading conditions?","id":"observed-mechanical-response-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which regional geometry and modelling assumptions were used to infer tissue properties?","id":"observed-mechanical-response-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"regional-change-and-review","name":"Regional change and review","description":"Track alterations to corneoscleral tissue and identify what the evidence permits an agent to conclude.","layers":[{"id":"defects-and-repairs-over-time","name":"Defects and repairs over time","description":"Link local alterations and interventions to comparable follow-up observations.","findings":[{"id":"regional-change-history","name":"Regional change history","description":"Record changes at a matched anatomical site, including any documented repair or graft.","questions":[{"text":"Which defect, incision, graft or repair is documented at this corneal, limbal or scleral site?","id":"regional-change-history-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Do subsequent observations show a change in thickness, shape, clarity or continuity at the same site?","id":"regional-change-history-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"evidence-limited-actions","name":"Evidence-limited actions","description":"Translate the available observations into justified recording, comparison and review actions.","findings":[{"id":"assessment-readiness","name":"Assessment readiness","description":"State whether regional coverage and evidence quality support the proposed conclusion.","questions":[{"text":"Which unobserved regions or unresolved tissue boundaries prevent assessment of the whole coat?","id":"assessment-readiness-q01","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Does the evidence support comparison, require further observation, or warrant specialist review of a suspected defect?","id":"assessment-readiness-q02","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"evidence-and-external-alignment","name":"Evidence and external alignment","description":"What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.","layers":[{"id":"reported-evidence","name":"Reported evidence","description":"Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.","findings":[{"id":"evidence-confidence-notes","name":"Check these first","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these check these first hold for the sense of fibrous tunic of eyeball this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-confidence-notes-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-identifiers","name":"Identifiers and schemes","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of fibrous tunic of eyeball this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-identifiers-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-real-world-use","name":"Real-world use","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of fibrous tunic of eyeball this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-real-world-use-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards","name":"Failure modes and hazards","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of fibrous tunic of eyeball this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-neighbours","name":"Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of fibrous tunic of eyeball this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-neighbours-q01","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Describe the cornea and sclera and their protective role, citing anatomical sources.","Advise anyone with an eye injury or sudden vision change to seek urgent care."],"mustNot":["Diagnose a corneal or scleral condition from a description or photo.","Advise removing objects stuck in the eye at home.","Recommend eye drops or contact lens practices that a clinician has not approved.","Share a person's eye images or records without consent."],"requiresHuman":["Any clinical decision about a person's eye."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Damage to the cornea or sclera can cause permanent blindness.","Eye images can identify a person and reveal health data."],"affectedParties":["Patients","Contact lens wearers"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns the anatomy; clinicians answer for each patient's care.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q62122155","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.fibrous-tunic-of-eyeball","Wikidata: Q2713281 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2713281)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["Bearer and laterality: Organism or specimen identifier; species; left, right or unknown eye","Represented extent: Whole tunic; corneal region; scleral region; limbal transition; fragment of uncertain location","Regional thickness: Micrometres, with location, measured interfaces, method and uncertainty","Regional curvature: Radius in millimetres or curvature in inverse millimetres, with surface and meridian","Corneal optical clarity: Clear; localised opacity; diffuse opacity; indeterminate; scale and method when graded","Wall continuity: No discontinuity detected; partial-thickness defect; full-thickness defect; repaired defect; indeterminate","Mechanical response: Named response metric and its units, loading conditions, region and estimation method","Observation context: In vivo; fresh ex vivo; preserved; fixed; sectioned; unknown, with acquisition time"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["The anterior corneal region is transparent and curves over the iris and pupil.","The scleral region forms the opaque, usually white outer coat around the cornea and toward the back of the globe.","The corneoscleral junction marks the transition between the clear cornea and opaque sclera."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["Identify the corneoscleral coat and link its constituents to the same eyeball.","Map observations and defects to corneal, limbal or scleral locations.","Compare regional geometry across observations with compatible methods.","Separate optical abnormalities from structural continuity findings.","Link repairs or grafts to the affected tissue region and subsequent observations.","Flag uncertain boundaries or suspected structural defects for specialist assessment."]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["A breach of the fibrous tunic can compromise the integrity of the globe and threaten vision.","Corneal scarring or loss of transparency can impair the passage of light into the eye.","Infection or inflammation can damage the corneal or scleral tissues.","Mistaking a limited surface view for an assessment of the entire tunic can leave deeper or posterior abnormalities undetected."]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Terminologia Anatomica, issued by the Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology, provides standardized anatomical terminology for the fibrous tunic and its constituent regions."]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["The fibrous tunic is encountered in ocular anatomy, clinical eye examination and anatomical imaging.","Its corneal and scleral regions provide reference structures for describing the outer wall of the eye and recording observed abnormalities."]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q2713281: fibrous tunic of eyeball","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2713281","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Fibrous tunic of eyeball","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrous_tunic_of_eyeball","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Does the registry intend human anatomy specifically or a cross-species concept, and which anatomical variations must that broader scope accommodate?","Which reference convention should determine inclusion of corneal sublayers, episclera and the posterior scleral transition near the optic nerve?","Which operational limbal boundaries permit reliable comparison between clinical imaging, gross anatomy and histology?","Which regional reference ranges for thickness, curvature and mechanical response are supported for specified species, ages and acquisition methods?","Does an existing Vercy world model already own this anatomical whole, and which constituent models should be linked without duplicating it?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q2713281/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q2713281/spec.json"],"providers":["Codex"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T09:42:34Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:29+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}