{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.printmaking","code":"thing-q271588","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q271588/","name":"printmaking","alternateNames":["written document","monoprinting","paper embossing","high-quality art printing","Inuit printmaking","Ajrak","ukiyo-e print technique","cerography","decalcomania","illustration printing","Banknote press","Artistic Printing Techniques of Relief, Gravure, Planographic, Pressure Printing and their Mixed Forms"],"kind":"thing","status":"research-draft","version":"0.2.0-wave.3","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Activities and processes","entryKind":"thing","plane":"ACT","domain":["ACT.ACT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"The art of making images by transferring ink from a prepared matrix such as a carved woodblock, engraved or etched metal plate, lithographic stone or screen onto paper or fabric, allowing multiple impressions, in techniques including woodcut, engraving, etching, lithography, screen printing, monoprinting and embossing, and in traditions from Japanese ukiyo-e and Inuit printmaking to South Asian Ajrak block printing; printmaking spans fine art, illustration and textile decoration.","purpose":"Let an agent explain printmaking and its techniques, relay history and traditions with attribution, describe how prints are made, editioned and collected, and distinguish printmaking from mechanical reproduction and from printing of text.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Matrix and impression","Editions","Technique families","Global traditions"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What printmaking is.","layers":[{"id":"definition","name":"Definition","description":"Definition and families.","findings":[{"id":"definition-finding","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","questions":[{"text":"What is printmaking, and how do relief, intaglio, planographic and stencil techniques differ?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the work an original print, a reproduction or a printed text?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"techniques","name":"Techniques","description":"Techniques.","findings":[{"id":"techniques-finding","name":"Techniques","description":"Techniques.","questions":[{"text":"How are woodcuts, etchings, lithographs, screen prints and monoprints made?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific technique?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"practice","name":"Practice","description":"Studio practice.","layers":[{"id":"editions","name":"Editions","description":"Editions and signing.","findings":[{"id":"editions-finding","name":"Editions","description":"Editions.","questions":[{"text":"How are editions numbered, signed and documented?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"safety","name":"Safety","description":"Studio safety.","findings":[{"id":"safety-finding","name":"Safety","description":"Safety.","questions":[{"text":"What hazards exist in printmaking studios, and what safer methods exist?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits non-toxic printmaking?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"traditions","name":"Traditions","description":"Traditions and history.","layers":[{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History.","findings":[{"id":"history-finding","name":"History","description":"History.","questions":[{"text":"How did printmaking develop from Chinese woodblock and Durer to modern and contemporary prints?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"traditions","name":"Traditions","description":"Regional traditions.","findings":[{"id":"traditions-finding","name":"Traditions","description":"Traditions.","questions":[{"text":"What characterises ukiyo-e, Inuit printmaking, Ajrak and other traditions, with attribution?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific tradition?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"Collecting and market.","layers":[{"id":"collecting","name":"Collecting","description":"Collecting and conservation.","findings":[{"id":"collecting-finding","name":"Collecting","description":"Collecting.","questions":[{"text":"How are prints collected, valued and conserved?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits print collecting?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"institutions","name":"Institutions","description":"Institutions.","findings":[{"id":"institutions-finding","name":"Institutions","description":"Institutions.","questions":[{"text":"Which museums, studios and organisations support printmaking?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific institution?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["explain techniques","relay history and traditions","describe editions and collecting","distinguish from reproduction"],"mustNot":[],"requiresHuman":[]},"ethics":{"considerations":[],"affectedParties":[]},"owners":{"steward":"","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q11177771","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q3249551","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q56055944","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"artistic technique","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"type of arts","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"process","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"print","type":"related","note":"as its output"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.printmaking","Wikidata: Q271588 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q271588)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Image transfer from a matrix","Relief, intaglio, planographic, stencil and monoprint techniques","Photomechanical reproductions are not original prints; text printing is typography","Images on paper or fabric with characteristic marks of woodcut, etching or screen."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain techniques","relay history and traditions","describe editions and collecting","distinguish from reproduction"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Confusing reproductions with original prints","Chemical hazards in etching","Misattribution of traditions"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Print Council and gallery conventions on editions and signatures","Safety rules for acids and solvents in studios","UNESCO heritage listings for some textile printing traditions"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Making multiple original images.","relief printing: woodcut, linocut, wood engraving","intaglio: engraving, etching, drypoint, aquatint, mezzotint","planographic: lithography","stencil: screen printing","monoprinting and monotype","paper embossing","traditions such as ukiyo-e, Inuit printmaking and Ajrak block printing"]}},"sources":[],"openQuestions":["Should each technique family be a separate entry?","How should print studies sources be linked?","The registry entry has merged aliases naming traditions and an unrelated document term; should they be split off?","Which entry fits the specific technique?","Which entry fits non-toxic printmaking?","Which entry fits the specific tradition?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q271588/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q271588/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-13T02:04:23Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"derived","ethics":"missing","owners":"missing","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"missing"},"notes":{"agentConduct":"Affordances listed as what may be done; prohibitions collected from the text.","interaction.properties":"Plane ACT: no invented physical properties.","sources":"Written from model knowledge without web access; claims are unverified."},"score":0.781}}