{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.thunderstorm","code":"thing-q2857578","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q2857578/","name":"thunderstorm","alternateNames":["thundersnow","Catatumbo lightning","gharra","air-mass thunderstorm","mountain storm","dry thunderstorm","supercell","storm cell","squall line","multicellular thunderstorm","Pulse storm","Descending reflectivity core"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.2","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Cross-cutting context","entryKind":"thing","plane":"XCT","domain":["XCT.STA"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A storm characterised by lightning and thunder produced by cumulonimbus clouds, usually with heavy rain and sometimes hail, strong winds or tornadoes, in forms from single-cell air-mass storms and mountain storms to multicell and supercell storms, dry thunderstorms and thundersnow, and persistent phenomena such as Catatumbo lightning; thunderstorms are forecast and warned by meteorological services and are hazards to people, aviation and property.","purpose":"Let an agent explain thunderstorms and how they form, describe their types and hazards, relay warnings and lightning safety guidance from authorities, and support learning.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Cumulonimbus convection","Lightning","Types by organisation","Multiple hazards"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"How thunderstorms form.","layers":[{"id":"formation","name":"Formation","description":"Formation and lifecycle.","findings":[{"id":"formation-finding","name":"Formation","description":"Formation.","questions":[{"text":"How do thunderstorms form from instability, moisture and lift, and what are their stages?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"How does lightning form and produce thunder?","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"types","name":"Types","description":"Types.","findings":[{"id":"types-finding","name":"Types","description":"Types.","questions":[{"text":"How do air-mass, multicell, supercell, dry and snow thunderstorms differ, and what is Catatumbo lightning?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits a specific type?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"safety","name":"Safety","description":"Staying safe.","layers":[{"id":"lightning","name":"Lightning","description":"Lightning safety.","findings":[{"id":"lightning-finding","name":"Lightning","description":"Lightning.","questions":[{"text":"What do authorities advise for lightning safety outdoors, indoors and in vehicles?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is a storm happening now, requiring immediate shelter?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"warnings","name":"Warnings","description":"Warnings.","findings":[{"id":"warnings-finding","name":"Warnings","description":"Warnings.","questions":[{"text":"How are thunderstorm warnings issued, and what do severity levels mean?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits weather warnings?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"impact","name":"Impact","description":"Impacts and protection.","layers":[{"id":"protection","name":"Protection","description":"Protecting property.","findings":[{"id":"protection-finding","name":"Protection","description":"Protection.","questions":[{"text":"How do lightning protection systems and surge protection work, and which standards apply?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits lightning protection?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"sectors","name":"Sectors","description":"Aviation and agriculture.","findings":[{"id":"sectors-finding","name":"Sectors","description":"Sectors.","questions":[{"text":"How do thunderstorms affect aviation, agriculture and outdoor events, and how are they managed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits aviation weather?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"learn","name":"Learn","description":"Research and teaching.","layers":[{"id":"research","name":"Research","description":"Research and climate.","findings":[{"id":"research-finding","name":"Research","description":"Research.","questions":[{"text":"How are thunderstorms studied and forecast, and how is climate change affecting them, according to research?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which findings are uncertain?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"teach","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching.","findings":[{"id":"teach-finding","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching.","questions":[{"text":"How can thunderstorm formation be taught?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which misconceptions arise?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Relay official thunderstorm, lightning and flash flood warnings with source and time.","Advise people outdoors to seek shelter when lightning is near."],"mustNot":["Send people, crews or drones into exposed areas during a thunderstorm.","Downplay official severe weather warnings.","Spread unverified storm or tornado reports as official."],"requiresHuman":["Suspending outdoor events or work for an approaching storm."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Lightning and flash floods kill people caught outdoors without warning.","Outdoor workers often cannot choose to shelter without their employer's support."],"affectedParties":["People outdoors","Outdoor workers","Event crowds"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns a storm; national meteorological services issue warnings.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q11663","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q25257","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q81054","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"storm","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"weather","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"hailstorm","type":"related","note":"hail-producing storms"},{"target":"hurricane","type":"related","note":"another severe weather entry"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.thunderstorm","Wikidata: Q2857578 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2857578)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Lightning and thunder from cumulonimbus","Single-cell to supercell","A rain shower lacks lightning; a hurricane is a large rotating system","Towering dark clouds with lightning, rain and thunder."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain formation and types","describe hazards","relay warnings and safety guidance","support learning"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Lightning strikes","Flash floods and hail","Wildfires from dry thunderstorms"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Meteorological warning criteria","Lightning protection standards for buildings","Aviation weather rules"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Storms with lightning and thunder.","air-mass and single-cell storms","multicell and squall line storms","supercell storms","dry thunderstorms and thundersnow","persistent and regional phenomena"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q2857578: thunderstorm","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2857578","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Thunderstorm","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thunderstorm","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should lightning be a separate entry?","How should warning services be linked?","How should safety guidance be linked?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q2857578/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q2857578/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T00:30:19Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:51:58+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane XCT: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}