{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.in-loco-parentis","code":"thing-q2882034","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q2882034/","name":"In loco parentis","alternateNames":[],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.2","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Cross-cutting context","entryKind":"thing","plane":"XCT","domain":["XCT.REL"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A legal doctrine, from the Latin for in the place of a parent, under which a person or institution assumes some of the functions and responsibilities of a parent toward a minor or other dependent without formal adoption, applied historically to schools, colleges and guardians and today to teachers, boarding schools, camps, foster carers and other caregivers, defining duties of care and limits of authority; the scope of the doctrine varies by jurisdiction and has narrowed for adult students.","purpose":"Let an agent explain the doctrine of in loco parentis and its origins and scope, describe how it applies to schools, colleges and caregivers in general terms across jurisdictions, present debates with attribution, and route specific legal questions to professionals.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Temporary parental role","Duty of care","Limited authority","Jurisdiction-specific"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What the doctrine is.","layers":[{"id":"concept","name":"Concept","description":"Concept and origins.","findings":[{"id":"concept-finding","name":"Concept","description":"Concept.","questions":[{"text":"What does in loco parentis mean, and where does the doctrine come from?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the user asking about a specific legal case, which needs a lawyer?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"scope","name":"Scope","description":"Scope.","findings":[{"id":"scope-finding","name":"Scope","description":"Scope.","questions":[{"text":"What duties and powers does the doctrine confer, and how do they differ from guardianship and adoption?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which jurisdiction applies?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"apply","name":"Apply","description":"Applications.","layers":[{"id":"schools","name":"Schools","description":"Schools and universities.","findings":[{"id":"schools-finding","name":"Schools","description":"Schools.","questions":[{"text":"How does the doctrine apply to schools, and how has it changed for universities and adult students?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits education law?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"carers","name":"Carers","description":"Carers and institutions.","findings":[{"id":"carers-finding","name":"Carers","description":"Carers.","questions":[{"text":"How does the doctrine apply to camps, foster carers and other caregivers, in general terms?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits child protection?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"debate","name":"Debate","description":"Debates.","layers":[{"id":"autonomy","name":"Autonomy","description":"Autonomy and protection.","findings":[{"id":"autonomy-finding","name":"Autonomy","description":"Autonomy.","questions":[{"text":"What debates exist about balancing student autonomy with institutional duty of care, with positions attributed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the presentation neutral?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"jurisdictions","name":"Jurisdictions","description":"Across jurisdictions.","findings":[{"id":"jurisdictions-finding","name":"Jurisdictions","description":"Jurisdictions.","questions":[{"text":"How does the doctrine differ across common law and civil law countries?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits comparative law?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"learn","name":"Learn","description":"History and teaching.","layers":[{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History.","findings":[{"id":"history-finding","name":"History","description":"History.","questions":[{"text":"How did the doctrine develop from English common law through American college cases?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"teach","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching.","findings":[{"id":"teach-finding","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching.","questions":[{"text":"How can the doctrine be taught in education and law courses?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which misconceptions arise?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Explain the doctrine of in loco parentis and how it applies in a given jurisdiction.","Help a school or carer understand their duties toward children in their care, citing sources."],"mustNot":["Present general information as legal advice in a specific case.","Use the doctrine to justify overriding a child's rights or a parent's legal authority beyond the law.","Make decisions about a child's care as if it held parental responsibility.","Share information about a child beyond those with a need to know."],"requiresHuman":["Any decision about a child's medical care, discipline or safeguarding.","Contacting a child's parents or authorities in a safeguarding concern."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Those acting in place of a parent hold power over children who cannot defend themselves.","The doctrine balances protection against children's growing autonomy."],"affectedParties":["Children and students","Parents","Teachers and carers"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody: a legal doctrine; courts and legislatures define its scope.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q1767348","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"legal kinship","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"natural person","type":"related","note":"persons holding parental responsibility"},{"target":"academy","type":"related","note":"schools acting in loco parentis"},{"target":"social safety net","type":"related","note":"care arrangements for children"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.in-loco-parentis","Wikidata: Q2882034 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2882034)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Assuming parental responsibilities without adoption","Schools, colleges, camps, caregivers","Guardianship is court-appointed; adoption creates permanent legal parenthood","Not physical; a legal relationship."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain the doctrine","describe applications","present debates","route legal questions"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Agents giving specific legal advice","Overstating institutional authority","Confusing with guardianship"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Education law and safeguarding rules","Case law on duty of care","Child protection frameworks"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Acting in place of a parent.","in loco parentis in schools","in loco parentis in universities and colleges","in loco parentis for carers and camps","the doctrine in employment and institutions","historical applications"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q2882034: In loco parentis","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2882034","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: In loco parentis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_loco_parentis","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should duty of care be a separate entry?","How should case law be linked?","How should safeguarding frameworks be linked?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q2882034/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q2882034/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T05:28:14Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:51:58+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane XCT: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}