{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.chloroprocaine","code":"thing-q2964133","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q2964133/","name":"chloroprocaine","alternateNames":[],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.1.0-research.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.MAT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"Chloroprocaine is a synthetic amino-ester local anesthetic, structurally the 2-chloro derivative of procaine, that reversibly inhibits voltage-gated sodium channels and is commonly formulated as its hydrochloride salt.","purpose":"Enable an agent to recognise chloroprocaine, assess the identity and condition of a material containing it, and determine which handling or use decisions require formulation-specific evidence.","scope":{"in":["Chloroprocaine molecular identity and differentiation from procaine and other local anesthetics","Parent-compound and hydrochloride-form relationships with explicit assay and concentration bases","Material grade, purity, impurities and degradation state","Physical properties, solution conditions and storage stability","Pharmacological identity and evidence needed to assess handling and formulation compatibility"],"out":["Finished injectable-product composition, packaging and marketing authorisation as independent product records","Patient-specific anesthetic selection, dosing and clinical monitoring","Anesthesia procedures and delivery devices","Manufacturing-process design and synthesis instructions","Independent models of procaine, degradation products or other local anesthetics"],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Confirm the 4-amino-2-chlorobenzoate ester structure: chloroprocaine differs from procaine by chlorine substitution adjacent to the carboxyl-derived group. [PubChem](https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/133-16-4)","Match the neutral parent to formula C13H19ClN2O2, CAS 133-16-4 and PubChem CID 8612; do not assign those identifiers indiscriminately to the hydrochloride salt. [PubChem](https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/133-16-4)","Distinguish hydrochloride salt formation from the chlorine already covalently attached to the aromatic ring: the hydrochloride has formula C13H20Cl2N2O2 and PubChem CID 441348. [PubChem hydrochloride record](https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Chloroprocaine-hydrochloride)","Verify an ester linkage when differentiating chloroprocaine from amide local anesthetics; a shared anesthetic function does not establish chemical identity.","Treat route suitability as a product-specific test: CLOROTEKAL is labeled for intrathecal use, whereas another chloroprocaine hydrochloride injection explicitly excludes spinal anesthesia. [CLOROTEKAL label](https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=90f7a095-f6db-456b-951f-9aee54c5dbc0), [other injection label](https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=e21e24d5-0535-4962-b9ed-7957fe4ed3db)"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"chloroprocaine-identity","name":"Chloroprocaine identity","description":"Establish the registered compound and the chemical form actually present.","layers":[{"id":"molecular-recognition","name":"Molecular recognition","description":"Recognise chloroprocaine by structure rather than anesthetic function or name alone.","findings":[{"id":"chlorinated-procaine-structure","name":"Chlorinated procaine structure","description":"Record evidence for the amino-substituted chlorobenzoate ester and its substitution pattern.","questions":[{"text":"Does the verified structure establish chloroprocaine rather than procaine, an isomer or another local anesthetic?","id":"chlorinated-procaine-structure-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which authoritative identity record and analytical evidence support this assignment?","id":"chlorinated-procaine-structure-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"parent-and-salt","name":"Parent and salt","description":"Separate the registered parent identity from the supplied hydrochloride form.","findings":[{"id":"form-specific-identifiers","name":"Form-specific identifiers","description":"Attach identifiers and molecular quantities to the correct chemical form while retaining the registry's single entry.","questions":[{"text":"Is the material the neutral parent, the monohydrochloride or an unresolved preparation?","id":"form-specific-identifiers-q01","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Which formula, molecular mass and identifiers apply to that form, including any declared water or solvent content?","id":"form-specific-identifiers-q02","kind":"definition"}]}]}]},{"id":"chloroprocaine-composition","name":"Chloroprocaine composition and quality","description":"Describe how much chloroprocaine is present and what accompanies it.","layers":[{"id":"content-and-assay","name":"Content and assay","description":"Make chloroprocaine assay and concentration claims interpretable.","findings":[{"id":"declared-content-basis","name":"Declared content basis","description":"Record the measured amount together with chemical form, units and analytical basis.","questions":[{"text":"Is content expressed as chloroprocaine parent, hydrochloride salt or parent-equivalent mass?","id":"declared-content-basis-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What method, moisture correction and uncertainty support the reported assay or solution concentration?","id":"declared-content-basis-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"impurities-and-grade","name":"Impurities and grade","description":"Evaluate the material against its intended grade and specification.","findings":[{"id":"intact-substance-quality","name":"Intact-substance quality","description":"Distinguish chloroprocaine content from related substances, degradation products and deliberately added ingredients.","questions":[{"text":"Which impurities or degradation products were tested, and what limits and results apply to this lot?","id":"intact-substance-quality-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Does the certificate of analysis support release for the declared grade, or is further testing required?","id":"intact-substance-quality-q02","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which accompanying substances are formulation excipients rather than impurities in the chloroprocaine material?","id":"intact-substance-quality-q03","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"chloroprocaine-physical-stability","name":"Chloroprocaine physical state and stability","description":"Connect physical properties and material condition to chemical form and environment.","layers":[{"id":"phase-and-solution-properties","name":"Phase and solution properties","description":"Record conditional properties of the identified parent or salt.","findings":[{"id":"conditioned-property-values","name":"Conditioned property values","description":"Keep thermal, solubility and ionisation measurements attached to their experimental conditions.","questions":[{"text":"Which melting, decomposition or boiling observations are measured for this exact chemical form, and under what pressure?","id":"conditioned-property-values-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What solvent, temperature, pH and concentration accompany the solubility or ionisation data?","id":"conditioned-property-values-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"degradation-and-storage","name":"Degradation and storage","description":"Assess preservation of the chloroprocaine ester under actual storage and preparation conditions.","findings":[{"id":"stability-evidence","name":"Stability evidence","description":"Require analytical or applicable product evidence before assigning storage life or accepting an excursion.","questions":[{"text":"What evidence establishes chloroprocaine stability at the observed pH, temperature and storage duration?","id":"stability-evidence-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Do storage excursions or analytical changes require quarantine, retesting or rejection under the applicable specification?","id":"stability-evidence-q02","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"chloroprocaine-use-constraints","name":"Chloroprocaine use and handling constraints","description":"Link anesthetic identity to formulation-specific use evidence and material-specific handling requirements.","layers":[{"id":"anesthetic-formulation-boundary","name":"Anesthetic and formulation boundary","description":"Record ester-local-anesthetic identity while assigning clinical permissions to linked products.","findings":[{"id":"route-requires-product-evidence","name":"Route requires product evidence","description":"Evaluate route claims using the exact formulation, including concentration and excipients; a preservative-free claim alone does not establish route suitability.","questions":[{"text":"Which exact product label supports the proposed route for this concentration and formulation?","id":"route-requires-product-evidence-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which ester-anesthetic hypersensitivity or excipient restrictions must be passed to the linked clinical decision model?","id":"route-requires-product-evidence-q02","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Is the proposed use supported by the linked evidence, or must it remain unresolved pending product-specific review?","id":"route-requires-product-evidence-q03","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"material-hazards-and-regulation","name":"Material hazards and regulation","description":"Identify handling constraints for the supplied chemical form and jurisdiction.","findings":[{"id":"documented-handling-status","name":"Documented handling status","description":"Track sourced hazard classifications, exposure limits and disposal requirements independently of medicinal-product warnings.","questions":[{"text":"Which current SDS and jurisdictional records identify this chloroprocaine form and support its GHS classification?","id":"documented-handling-status-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Are substance-specific exposure limits established, absent from the consulted sources or still unverified?","id":"documented-handling-status-q02","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What handling, containment and disposal actions follow from the verified documentation and actual material state?","id":"documented-handling-status-q03","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"evidence-and-external-alignment","name":"Evidence and external alignment","description":"What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.","layers":[{"id":"reported-evidence","name":"Reported evidence","description":"Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.","findings":[{"id":"evidence-confidence-notes","name":"Check these first","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these check these first hold for the sense of chloroprocaine this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-confidence-notes-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-kinds","name":"Kinds and varieties","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of chloroprocaine this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-kinds-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-identifiers","name":"Identifiers and schemes","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of chloroprocaine this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-identifiers-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-standards-and-regulation","name":"Standards and regulation","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of chloroprocaine this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-real-world-use","name":"Real-world use","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of chloroprocaine this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-real-world-use-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-measurements","name":"Typical measurements","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of chloroprocaine this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-measurements-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards","name":"Failure modes and hazards","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of chloroprocaine this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-regional-variation","name":"Regional variation","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of chloroprocaine this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-regional-variation-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-neighbours","name":"Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of chloroprocaine this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-neighbours-q01","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Describe chloroprocaine, its approved uses and its contraindications from medicines information.","Track stock, expiry and storage of it on a pharmacy's or theatre's instructions."],"mustNot":["Administer it or advise a dose or route for a person.","Supply it outside the regulated medicines chain.","Present a formulation as suitable for a route of administration its labelling does not approve."],"requiresHuman":["Any decision to use it on a patient, which belongs to a qualified clinician."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Local anaesthetics given wrongly can cause seizures and heart rhythm problems.","People with ester anaesthetic allergy or certain enzyme deficiencies face extra risk."],"affectedParties":["Patients","Anaesthetists and nurses"]},"owners":{"steward":"The marketing authorization holder; medicines regulators and clinicians control its use.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["Medicines regulators' product registers"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q101487","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.chloroprocaine","Wikidata: Q2964133 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2964133)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["Chemical form: Neutral parent; monohydrochloride; other or unresolved form","Molecular identity: Verified structure linked to form-specific CAS, PubChem, EC and other authoritative identifiers","Assay content: % w/w with parent-versus-salt basis, as-is-versus-dried basis, method and uncertainty","Solution concentration: mg/mL or mol/L, specifying the chemical form and any percentage convention","Material grade and release status: Declared grade and specification; untested, released, quarantined or rejected","Impurity and degradation profile: Identified and unidentified components in % or mg/g, with analytical method and limits","Physical state and thermal behavior: Observed phase; melting, boiling or decomposition temperatures in °C with pressure and chemical form","Solution environment: pH, temperature in °C, solvent composition and concentration","Formulation relationship: Linked product, concentration, excipient declaration, authorised route, jurisdiction and label version","Handling hazard evidence: Form-specific SDS, GHS classification and applicable exposure limits with source and date"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Supplied as a clear solution in ampoules, vials or prefilled syringes.","Identified by label, strength and batch, not by appearance."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["Resolve a chloroprocaine name or identifier to the parent compound and its explicitly identified material form.","Compare assay and concentration records after reconciling salt, parent-equivalent and moisture bases.","Assess whether analytical evidence supports identity, purity and release against a declared specification.","Flag unsupported storage conditions, possible degradation and the need for retesting.","Check a proposed formulation or route against linked product evidence and flag missing support.","Retrieve applicable handling requirements from the material's verified hazard documentation."]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Overdose or accidental injection into a vessel can cause systemic toxicity.","Allergic reactions occur in people sensitive to ester anaesthetics."]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["United States Pharmacopeia monograph on chloroprocaine hydrochloride, United States Pharmacopeial Convention."]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Chloroprocaine is encountered in medicinal formulations used by qualified clinicians to provide local or regional anesthesia.","It is also studied in pharmaceutical analysis and research, where the free compound, its salts and finished formulations must be distinguished."]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q2964133: chloroprocaine","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2964133","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Chloroprocaine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroprocaine","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Which authoritative EC identifiers and jurisdiction-specific chemical hazard classifications apply separately to chloroprocaine parent and hydrochloride?","What experimentally supported melting, decomposition, solubility and pKa values are available for each form, with complete measurement conditions?","Which current compendial specifications define assay, related-substance limits and acceptable analytical methods for the intended material grade?","What stability data establish ester degradation behavior and retest periods for bulk material and relevant solution conditions?","Which product records and current label versions should be linked for each intended jurisdiction to resolve route, excipient and formulation restrictions?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q2964133/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q2964133/spec.json"],"providers":["Codex"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T08:39:04Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:29+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}