{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.dengaku","code":"thing-q3022455","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q3022455/","name":"dengaku","alternateNames":["Tenzushi-mai dance","Aki no Hayashida","Ōji Shrine Dengaku","Isobe no Omita","Nachi no Dengaku"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.1.0-research.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Information and virtual systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"INF","domain":["INF.KNW"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"Dengaku is a Japanese tradition of music, dance and related performance associated with rice-cultivation rituals that also developed into professional entertainment in medieval Japan.","purpose":"Enable an agent to recognise dengaku traditions and performances, assess their continuity and performance requirements, and identify appropriate documentation, learning or presentation actions.","scope":{"in":["Attribution of a practice or performance to dengaku","Relationships among agricultural accompaniment, ritual dance and historical theatrical forms","Local repertoires, movement patterns, musical accompaniment and performer roles","Ritual occasions, performance spaces and community meanings","Transmission, continuity, reconstruction and adaptation of particular traditions"],"out":["Dengaku as a food or culinary preparation","Rice cultivation techniques and agricultural productivity","Sarugaku, noh, kagura and other neighbouring performing arts as complete traditions","The entire festival or religious institution hosting a dengaku performance","Musical instruments and costumes as independently catalogued physical objects"],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Require an attested dengaku identification tied to a locality, historical context or practitioner account; rice imagery alone is insufficient.","Distinguish rice-planting accompaniment from dengaku dance performed without actual planting, rather than requiring a rice field for every instance. [Encyclopedia of Shinto](https://d-museum.kokugakuin.ac.jp/eos/detail/?id=8941)","Use the locally documented sasara form and playing technique as identification evidence, without treating one instrument configuration as universal. [Encyclopedia of Shinto](https://d-museum.kokugakuin.ac.jp/eos/detail/?id=8941)","Separate historical dengaku noh from sarugaku noh and later noh; related theatrical practices do not establish identity. [Japan Arts Council](https://www2.ntj.jac.go.jp/unesco/noh/en/history/history1.html)","Check whether the referent is a performance practice, a particular enactment or a dish before assigning it to this ACT model."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"dengaku-identity-and-boundaries","name":"Dengaku identity and boundaries","description":"Establish what the dengaku label denotes in each record and how the attribution is supported.","layers":[{"id":"name-and-referent","name":"Name and referent","description":"Resolve the performance sense and distinguish tradition-level records from enactments.","findings":[{"id":"attested-dengaku-attribution","name":"Attested dengaku attribution","description":"Record the original name, who uses it and whether it identifies a family, local tradition, repertoire item or performance.","questions":[{"text":"What original-language name and contextual evidence identify this referent as performing-art dengaku?","id":"attested-dengaku-attribution-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Who applies that name, and does it designate a tradition, repertoire item or individual enactment?","id":"attested-dengaku-attribution-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"neighbouring-performance-forms","name":"Neighbouring performance forms","description":"Keep relationships with other arts explicit without merging their identities.","findings":[{"id":"dengaku-and-noh-distinction","name":"Dengaku and noh distinction","description":"Historical dengaku and sarugaku troupes both performed theatrical forms; record interaction separately from equivalence. [Japan Arts Council](https://www2.ntj.jac.go.jp/unesco/noh/en/history/history1.html)","questions":[{"text":"Does the evidence identify dengaku, dengaku noh, sarugaku noh or a later interpretation of their relationship?","id":"dengaku-and-noh-distinction-q01","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Which source supports a claimed borrowing or lineage, and what exactly is claimed to have passed between the arts?","id":"dengaku-and-noh-distinction-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"agricultural-and-ritual-setting","name":"Agricultural and ritual setting","description":"Describe the relationship between dengaku, cultivation, ritual intention and its hosting occasion.","layers":[{"id":"cultivation-relationship","name":"Cultivation relationship","description":"Distinguish working accompaniment, represented cultivation and stated ritual aims.","findings":[{"id":"planting-and-representation","name":"Planting and representation","description":"Separate actual rice-planting accompaniment from performance without planting, following the broad distinction documented for dengaku. [Encyclopedia of Shinto](https://d-museum.kokugakuin.ac.jp/eos/detail/?id=8941)","questions":[{"text":"Does this enactment accompany actual planting, represent cultivation or have another documented agricultural relationship?","id":"planting-and-representation-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which agricultural meanings are explained by practitioners or texts, and which remain an observer's interpretation?","id":"planting-and-representation-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"occasion-and-performance-space","name":"Occasion and performance space","description":"Locate the performance within a particular rite, calendar and spatial arrangement.","findings":[{"id":"local-ritual-placement","name":"Local ritual placement","description":"Record the locally specified occasion and purpose; Nachi provides one documented shrine-festival example rather than a universal template. [UNESCO](https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/nachi-no-dengaku-a-religious-performing-art-held-at-the-nachi-fire-festival-00413)","questions":[{"text":"At what point in the local festival or rite does dengaku occur, and what purpose do participants assign to it?","id":"local-ritual-placement-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which spatial, calendar or ritual conditions must be established before this local performance can proceed?","id":"local-ritual-placement-q02","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"movement-music-and-repertoire","name":"Movement, music and repertoire","description":"Capture how the local performance is organised and recognised in action.","layers":[{"id":"sequence-and-movement","name":"Sequence and movement","description":"Describe repertoire units, formations, movement patterns and transitions.","findings":[{"id":"local-performance-sequence","name":"Local performance sequence","description":"Record locally named sections and the evidence for required order, permitted variation and completion.","questions":[{"text":"What sections and movement formations constitute this local repertoire, and in what order are they performed?","id":"local-performance-sequence-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which omitted, repeated or reordered sections make an enactment an excerpt or adaptation according to its practitioners?","id":"local-performance-sequence-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"instrumental-and-bodily-coordination","name":"Instrumental and bodily coordination","description":"Link sounding instruments and cues to performer movement.","findings":[{"id":"sasara-and-ensemble-evidence","name":"Sasara and ensemble evidence","description":"Document instruments and techniques precisely; the reference distinction between rubbed surizasara and linked wooden binzasara shows why a generic sasara label can conceal differences. [Encyclopedia of Shinto](https://d-museum.kokugakuin.ac.jp/eos/detail/?id=8941)","questions":[{"text":"Which instruments are actually used, and if sasara is named, what construction and playing technique does that name denote here?","id":"sasara-and-ensemble-evidence-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which audible or visible cues coordinate steps, formations and section changes?","id":"sasara-and-ensemble-evidence-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]}]},{"id":"performers-and-transmission","name":"Performers and transmission","description":"Identify who can carry the local repertoire and how performance competence is maintained.","layers":[{"id":"roles-and-readiness","name":"Roles and readiness","description":"Relate named performance responsibilities to available practitioners.","findings":[{"id":"required-role-coverage","name":"Required role coverage","description":"Record local musical, dancing and directing responsibilities without assuming a universal cast size or role structure.","questions":[{"text":"Which roles and competencies are required for this repertoire, and which may one person combine?","id":"required-role-coverage-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"As of the assessment date, how many available practitioners can perform each required role?","id":"required-role-coverage-q02","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What preparation or locally accepted substitution would address an uncovered role?","id":"required-role-coverage-q03","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"learning-and-succession","name":"Learning and succession","description":"Establish how movements, musical cues and ritual knowledge pass between practitioners.","findings":[{"id":"repertoire-transmission","name":"Repertoire transmission","description":"Identify teachers, learning methods and the parts of practice that remain dependent on embodied instruction.","questions":[{"text":"Who teaches this dengaku repertoire, and how do learners acquire movement, accompaniment and ritual responsibilities?","id":"repertoire-transmission-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sections or roles lack a successor, and what practitioner-supported training or documentation could address that gap?","id":"repertoire-transmission-q02","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"continuity-and-responsible-presentation","name":"Continuity and responsible presentation","description":"Assess historical claims, current practice and the conditions for presenting a particular dengaku tradition.","layers":[{"id":"historical-and-current-evidence","name":"Historical and current evidence","description":"Separate dated historical attestations from observations of present practice.","findings":[{"id":"continuity-and-reconstruction-status","name":"Continuity and reconstruction status","description":"Record interruptions, revivals and reconstruction decisions without inferring an unbroken lineage from an old name.","questions":[{"text":"What dated evidence supports this local tradition's claimed history, and where are the documentary gaps?","id":"continuity-and-reconstruction-status-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which elements are continuously transmitted, revived, reconstructed or newly composed, and who makes that distinction?","id":"continuity-and-reconstruction-status-q02","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"When was the tradition last observed in performance or rehearsal, and what does that establish about its current state?","id":"continuity-and-reconstruction-status-q03","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"recording-and-adaptation","name":"Recording and adaptation","description":"Identify locally applicable conditions for learning, recording, excerpting or relocating an enactment.","findings":[{"id":"presentation-conditions","name":"Presentation conditions","description":"Record practitioner and host requirements where they exist, including how changes to occasion, sequence or accompaniment should be described.","questions":[{"text":"Who can establish the applicable conditions for recording, teaching or presenting this local dengaku repertoire?","id":"presentation-conditions-q01","kind":"action"},{"text":"Would the proposed change of venue, duration or accompaniment be accepted as an enactment, an excerpt or a new adaptation?","id":"presentation-conditions-q02","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"What attribution and explanation are needed to describe the proposed presentation accurately?","id":"presentation-conditions-q03","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"evidence-and-external-alignment","name":"Evidence and external alignment","description":"What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.","layers":[{"id":"reported-evidence","name":"Reported evidence","description":"Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.","findings":[{"id":"evidence-confidence-notes","name":"Check these first","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these check these first hold for the sense of dengaku this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-confidence-notes-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-kinds","name":"Kinds and varieties","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of dengaku this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-kinds-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-identifiers","name":"Identifiers and schemes","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of dengaku this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-identifiers-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-real-world-use","name":"Real-world use","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of dengaku this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-real-world-use-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-regional-variation","name":"Regional variation","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of dengaku this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-regional-variation-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-neighbours","name":"Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of dengaku this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-neighbours-q01","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Describe dengaku's history and forms from scholarly and community sources.","Point people to performances and the communities that keep the tradition.","Distinguish rice-planting ritual dengaku from the medieval professional theatre."],"mustNot":["Present a staged or invented version as authentic tradition.","Record or share sacred ritual parts of a performance where the community forbids it.","Use the tradition in branding or entertainment that mocks it.","Attribute ritual meanings to it without sourcing."],"requiresHuman":["Publishing recordings of community performances.","Commercial use of the tradition's music or costumes."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Dengaku is living heritage tied to farming communities and shrines in Japan.","Outsiders profiting from the tradition can take from those who keep it."],"affectedParties":["Performing communities","Shrines and local custodians","Audiences"]},"owners":{"steward":"The communities and shrines that keep and perform it.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q11615913","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.dengaku","Wikidata: Q3022455 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3022455)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":["Attested tradition name: Japanese written form, romanisation and locally used name, each attributed to a source","Practice orientation: Rice-planting accompaniment; ritual dance; historical professional entertainment; theatrical repertoire; mixed; unresolved","Local tradition affiliation: Named locality, practitioner group, shrine or temple, with dated evidence","Agricultural relationship: Accompanies actual planting; represents agricultural activity; expresses harvest-related intention; other documented relationship; unknown","Musical and movement configuration: Local instruments, playing techniques, movement vocabulary and coordination cues","Performance duration: Minutes, specifying complete sequence or excerpt and observation date","Role coverage: Number of available qualified performers per locally required role, dated","Continuity status: Practised; intermittently practised; interrupted; revived; reconstructed; historical-only; unknown"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Dancers and musicians in costume performing at shrines or in rice fields.","Instruments such as drums, flutes and wooden clappers made of strung slats.","Some forms include acrobatics such as stilt dancing."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["Classify a candidate performance as dengaku, a related practice or unresolved using attributed evidence.","Compare local dengaku variants while retaining their separate repertoires and contextual rules.","Describe a performance sequence with musical cues, movements, roles and ritual placement.","Assess readiness for an enactment from role coverage, repertoire knowledge and required accompaniment.","Identify transmission gaps and propose documentation or training with the relevant practitioners.","Evaluate whether a proposed excerpt, recording or adaptation fits locally established conditions."]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Loss of the tradition as rural communities shrink.","Distortion when it is adapted for tourists without the keepers."]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["The Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties, enacted by the National Diet of Japan, provides a framework for protecting designated dengaku traditions as intangible folk cultural properties."]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Dengaku is encountered in Japanese agricultural festivals, shrine observances and community performances associated with rice cultivation.","It is also studied in histories of Japanese theatre and documented through heritage preservation, teaching and staged presentation."]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q3022455: dengaku","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3022455","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Dengaku","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dengaku","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Does the underlying registry authority confirm the Japanese performing-art sense and the intended breadth of vr.tr.dengaku?","Which local traditions should the model use as comparative cases, and how do practitioners' classifications differ from broad historical taxonomies?","What evidence establishes continuity or borrowing between particular medieval dengaku forms and surviving local repertoires?","Which movement, musical and instrument features reliably distinguish local dengaku forms from neighbouring ritual arts?","What current practitioner evidence is available for repertoire completeness, successor coverage and conditions governing documentation or adaptation?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q3022455/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q3022455/spec.json"],"providers":["Codex"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T09:05:51Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:29+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane INF: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}