{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.synonymy","code":"thing-q31121203","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q31121203/","name":"synonymy","alternateNames":["cognitive synonymy","bilingual synonymy"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Cross-cutting context","entryKind":"thing","plane":"XCT","domain":["XCT.REL"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"The semantic relation between words or expressions with the same or nearly the same meaning, such as big and large; absolute synonymy is rare because synonyms usually differ in connotation, register or collocation, and related notions include cognitive synonymy and translation equivalence between languages. Synonymy of scientific names in taxonomy is a separate sense.","purpose":"Let an agent help people choose among synonyms, explain differences in meaning and register, use thesauri and lexical resources, and separate the taxonomic sense.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Same or similar meaning","Rarely perfect","Differ in connotation and register","Recorded in lexical resources"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"find","name":"Find","description":"Synonyms.","layers":[{"id":"list","name":"List","description":"Synonym lists.","findings":[{"id":"list-finding","name":"List","description":"Synonyms.","questions":[{"text":"Which synonyms exist for this word, according to reliable dictionaries or thesauri?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which are common?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"Fit in context.","findings":[{"id":"context-finding","name":"Context","description":"Context fit.","questions":[{"text":"Which synonym fits this sentence best?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Does it collocate naturally?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"differences","name":"Differences","description":"Nuances.","layers":[{"id":"connotation","name":"Connotation","description":"Nuance.","findings":[{"id":"connotation-finding","name":"Connotation","description":"Connotation.","questions":[{"text":"How do these near-synonyms differ in connotation or strength?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Could one be offensive?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"register","name":"Register","description":"Formality.","findings":[{"id":"register-finding","name":"Register","description":"Register.","questions":[{"text":"Which synonym suits a formal or informal register?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Is it regional?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"translation","name":"Translation","description":"Across languages.","layers":[{"id":"equivalent","name":"Equivalent","description":"Translation equivalents.","findings":[{"id":"equivalent-finding","name":"Equivalent","description":"Translation equivalents.","questions":[{"text":"Which word in the target language best matches this meaning?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Is the equivalence exact?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"learners","name":"Learners","description":"Vocabulary building.","findings":[{"id":"learners-finding","name":"Learners","description":"Vocabulary building.","questions":[{"text":"How can learners expand vocabulary with synonyms safely?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which pitfalls exist?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"senses","name":"Senses","description":"Disambiguation.","layers":[{"id":"taxonomy","name":"Taxonomy","description":"Scientific names.","findings":[{"id":"taxonomy-finding","name":"Taxonomy","description":"Taxonomic sense.","questions":[{"text":"Is synonymy of scientific names in biology meant?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Which name is currently accepted, according to taxonomic databases?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"logic","name":"Logic","description":"Logical equivalence.","findings":[{"id":"logic-finding","name":"Logic","description":"Logical sense.","questions":[{"text":"Is logical equivalence or identity of meaning in philosophy meant?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Which entry fits?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Suggest synonyms and explain differences in connotation, register and use.","Distinguish linguistic synonymy from synonymy of scientific names in taxonomy."],"mustNot":["Treat near-synonyms as interchangeable in legal, medical or safety texts where the difference matters.","Substitute words to disguise copied text as original.","Replace a group's chosen name for itself with a synonym it considers offensive."],"requiresHuman":["Rewording a legal or regulated document by substituting synonyms."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Word choice carries respect or contempt; synonyms are not neutral for the people they name.","Swapping near-synonyms can change meaning in ways that harm people relying on a text."],"affectedParties":["Readers of altered texts","Groups named by words","Authors"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody: a linguistic relation held in common.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q130998","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q2268906","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"semantic relation","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"linguistic-relation","type":"related","note":"broader relation"},{"target":"thesaurus","type":"related","note":"resource"},{"target":"antonymy","type":"related","note":"opposite relation"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.synonymy","Wikidata: Q31121203 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31121203)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Thesaurus entries","Near-synonyms with different nuances","Antonyms are opposites","Not physical; listed in thesauri and dictionaries."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["find synonyms for a word","explain differences between near-synonyms","choose the right word for register","separate taxonomic synonymy"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Choosing a synonym with the wrong connotation","Mistranslating near-synonyms","Treating taxonomic synonyms as current names"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["No specific regulation"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Writing, translation, lexicography and language learning.","near-synonymy","cognitive synonymy","dialectal synonyms","bilingual synonymy and translation equivalence","taxonomic synonyms (other sense)"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q31121203: synonymy","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31121203","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Synonymy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synonymy","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should synonym types be separate entries?","How should lexical databases be linked?","How should the taxonomic sense be split off?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q31121203/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q31121203/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-11T14:09:49Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:51:58+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane XCT: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}