{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.islam-in-madagascar","code":"thing-q3139127","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q3139127/","name":"Islam in Madagascar","alternateNames":[],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.1.0-research.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Society, people and institutions","entryKind":"thing","plane":"SOC","domain":["SOC.ORG"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"Islam in Madagascar is the historical and contemporary presence of Islamic belief, practice, communities and institutions in Madagascar, rather than a single organisation or legal entity.","purpose":"Enable an agent to recognise, assess and responsibly describe Muslim religious life in Madagascar while distinguishing communities, institutions, practices and uncertain evidence.","scope":{"in":["Historical formation and transmission of Islam within Madagascar","Muslim communities, self-identification and geographic distribution within Madagascar","Mosques, associations, religious leadership and educational networks as participants in the wider phenomenon","Islamic observance and its locally documented relationships with Malagasy languages and customs","Religious freedom, civic participation and relations with other religious communities","Connections between Muslim life in Madagascar and overseas religious or social networks"],"out":["Islamic theology and jurisprudence independent of their interpretation or practice in Madagascar","The complete history, population or political system of Madagascar","The corporate governance, property and personnel records of individual Muslim organisations","Architectural specifications and maintenance of individual mosque buildings","Malagasy ethnicity, ancestry or nationality treated as evidence of religious affiliation","Muslim communities outside Madagascar except for documented connections to this entry"],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["An included community, practice or institution must have a documented relationship to religious life in Madagascar; an overseas reference to Islam alone is insufficient.","The entry represents a religious and social field with potentially multiple authorities, not an organisation possessing one registration, membership roll or governing body.","Religious affiliation must be supported by appropriate evidence rather than inferred from a Malagasy person's name, ancestry, language or place of residence.","A practice belongs here through documented Muslim interpretation, participation or historical connection; resemblance to a practice elsewhere does not establish Islamic provenance.","Historical evidence of Islamic influence and evidence of present-day Muslim observance must be recorded separately."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"historical-formation","name":"Historical formation in Madagascar","description":"Organises evidence about how Islam became established and changed in Madagascar.","layers":[{"id":"arrival-and-establishment","name":"Arrival and establishment","description":"Separates evidence of contact from evidence of sustained Muslim community life.","findings":[{"id":"evidence-of-establishment","name":"Evidence of establishment","description":"Record proposed dates, locations and routes of introduction as attributed claims with explicit evidentiary limits.","questions":[{"text":"Which dated evidence supports Islamic contact with Madagascar, and which supports an established Muslim community?","id":"evidence-of-establishment-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Does each origin account concern a particular locality or community, or claim to explain Islam throughout Madagascar?","id":"evidence-of-establishment-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"local-transmission-and-change","name":"Local transmission and change","description":"Examines how religious knowledge and affiliations were transmitted or reinterpreted within Madagascar.","findings":[{"id":"historical-continuity","name":"Historical continuity and reinterpretation","description":"Keep historical Islamic connections distinct from claims about the identity or observance of present-day populations.","questions":[{"text":"What evidence connects an earlier Muslim institution or practice to a present-day community in Madagascar?","id":"historical-continuity-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Where do sources distinguish continuity, revival, conversion or reinterpretation, and how do community accounts describe those changes?","id":"historical-continuity-q02","kind":"definition"}]}]}]},{"id":"communities-and-distribution","name":"Communities and distribution","description":"Describes who identifies as Muslim in Madagascar and where evidence places communities.","layers":[{"id":"affiliation-and-counting","name":"Affiliation and counting","description":"Tests the meaning and comparability of population estimates.","findings":[{"id":"population-estimate-basis","name":"Population estimate basis","description":"Attach definitions, dates, denominators and collection methods to every estimate of Muslim affiliation.","questions":[{"text":"Does each estimate count self-identified Muslims, members of institutions, practising adherents or another population?","id":"population-estimate-basis-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"What year, geographic coverage, sampling method and uncertainty support the estimate for Madagascar?","id":"population-estimate-basis-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"locality-and-self-identification","name":"Locality and self-identification","description":"Records community descriptions without substituting ancestry or geography for religious identity.","findings":[{"id":"community-boundaries","name":"Community boundaries","description":"Represent locally supported affiliations and settlement patterns while allowing overlapping identities.","questions":[{"text":"How do Muslim communities in the documented Malagasy localities describe their religious and social affiliations?","id":"community-boundaries-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which geographic or ancestry-based labels are being mistaken for evidence of Muslim identity?","id":"community-boundaries-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"institutions-and-authority","name":"Institutions and religious authority","description":"Maps the institutions through which Muslim religious life is organised in Madagascar.","layers":[{"id":"institutional-landscape","name":"Institutional landscape","description":"Distinguishes worship communities, associations, educational institutions and representative organisations.","findings":[{"id":"institution-role-and-reach","name":"Institutional role and reach","description":"Record each institution's documented activities, location, legal identity where applicable and constituency.","questions":[{"text":"Which institutions demonstrably provide worship, education, welfare or representation for Muslims in Madagascar?","id":"institution-role-and-reach-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"What evidence defines each institution's constituency and distinguishes local activity from a national mandate?","id":"institution-role-and-reach-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"leadership-and-representation","name":"Leadership and representation","description":"Separates religious expertise, administrative control and authority to represent a community.","findings":[{"id":"recognised-authority","name":"Recognised authority","description":"Document how authority is conferred and recognised for particular functions and communities.","questions":[{"text":"How are leaders selected or recognised within the relevant Muslim institution or community in Madagascar?","id":"recognised-authority-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"For a proposed consultation, whose remit covers the locality and subject, and whose views would remain unrepresented?","id":"recognised-authority-q02","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"practice-language-and-learning","name":"Practice, language and learning","description":"Examines lived religious practice and the transmission of Islamic knowledge in Malagasy settings.","layers":[{"id":"observance-and-local-custom","name":"Observance and local custom","description":"Documents locally observed practices and community interpretations of their religious significance.","findings":[{"id":"practice-and-interpretation","name":"Practice and interpretation","description":"Separate prescriptions, reported behaviour and contested interpretations of customs.","questions":[{"text":"How are prayer, fasting, festivals and life-cycle rites described or observed in the specific Malagasy community under study?","id":"practice-and-interpretation-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which local customs do participants understand as Islamic, compatible with Islam or disputed, and who offers each interpretation?","id":"practice-and-interpretation-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"languages-and-religious-education","name":"Languages and religious education","description":"Traces the languages, materials and settings used to teach and communicate Islam in Madagascar.","findings":[{"id":"knowledge-transmission","name":"Knowledge transmission","description":"Record the actual roles of Malagasy, Arabic and any other documented languages in religious learning and communication.","questions":[{"text":"Which languages and teaching materials are used for recitation, explanation, sermons and religious study in the documented institutions?","id":"knowledge-transmission-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"What evidence distinguishes historical Arabic-script Malagasy traditions from their present-day use in Muslim religious education?","id":"knowledge-transmission-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"public-life-and-external-connections","name":"Public life and external connections","description":"Assesses Muslim participation in Malagasy society and documented relationships beyond Madagascar.","layers":[{"id":"rights-and-social-relations","name":"Rights and social relations","description":"Distinguishes formal religious protections from documented local experiences and interreligious relations.","findings":[{"id":"public-conditions","name":"Public conditions for Muslim life","description":"Record dated evidence about worship, association, education, civic access and relations with other communities.","questions":[{"text":"Which current Malagasy legal provisions govern Muslim worship and institutions, and what evidence shows how they are applied?","id":"public-conditions-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Do reports of cooperation, exclusion or disputes describe isolated events, particular localities or a demonstrated wider pattern?","id":"public-conditions-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"cross-border-religious-networks","name":"Cross-border religious networks","description":"Examines evidenced connections through travel, learning, migration, support and communication.","findings":[{"id":"external-link-function","name":"Function of external links","description":"Describe what a transnational relationship does and distinguish exchange or support from decision-making authority.","questions":[{"text":"Which overseas links involving pilgrimage, religious study, migration or institutional support are documented for Muslim communities in Madagascar?","id":"external-link-function-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"What evidence, if any, shows that an external partner influences local decisions rather than simply providing contact or resources?","id":"external-link-function-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"evidence-and-external-alignment","name":"Evidence and external alignment","description":"What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.","layers":[{"id":"reported-evidence","name":"Reported evidence","description":"Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.","findings":[{"id":"evidence-confidence-notes","name":"Check these first","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these check these first hold for the sense of Islam in Madagascar this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-confidence-notes-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-kinds","name":"Kinds and varieties","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of Islam in Madagascar this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-kinds-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-real-world-use","name":"Real-world use","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Islam in Madagascar this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-real-world-use-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards","name":"Failure modes and hazards","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Islam in Madagascar this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-regional-variation","name":"Regional variation","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of Islam in Madagascar this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-regional-variation-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-neighbours","name":"Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Islam in Madagascar this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-neighbours-q01","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Describe the history of Islam in Madagascar, including coastal trading communities and Arabic-script heritage, from scholarly sources.","Distinguish the island's different Muslim communities rather than treating them as one."],"mustNot":["Treat Malagasy Muslims of South Asian, Comorian or local origin as foreigners or as a single group.","Fuel suspicion of minority traders or their wealth.","Infer a person's religion from their name or ancestry."],"requiresHuman":["Publishing content on citizenship or ethnicity disputes involving named people."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Some Muslim communities of South Asian origin have faced statelessness and insecurity.","Accurate history recognizes Islam's long presence on the island."],"affectedParties":["Muslim Malagasy citizens","Communities of South Asian and Comorian origin","Religious leaders"]},"owners":{"steward":"The Muslim communities and their associations; nobody owns a religion.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q16024158","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q19746303","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.islam-in-madagascar","Wikidata: Q3139127 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3139127)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":["Geographic coverage: Named localities and administrative areas in Madagascar, with observation dates and geographic precision","Religious affiliation estimate: Persons or percentage of a specified population, with year, affiliation definition, collection method and uncertainty","Community self-description: Source-attested community and religious labels, preserving local terminology and allowing multiple or unspecified affiliations","Institutional authority relationship: Community or institution linked to a named authority, with jurisdiction, function and evidence of recognition","Observed practice: Documented practice, locality, participants, observation period and reported variation","Public recognition and access: Dated legal provisions and documented experiences concerning worship, association, education and civic participation","Transnational connection: Documented links involving study, pilgrimage, migration, funding or religious communication, with direction and dates"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["Compare estimates of Madagascar's Muslim population using compatible definitions, dates and geographic coverage.","Locate documented communities and institutions while identifying gaps in regional coverage.","Trace a religious practice or historical claim to evidence specific to Madagascar.","Identify the appropriate local institution or representative for a stated enquiry without assigning national authority by default.","Assess a proposed description or engagement for unsupported generalisations about Malagasy Muslims.","Track changes in religious practice, institutions and public conditions while preserving disagreements and uncertainty."]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Ethnic and religious labelling can expose minorities to hostility."]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 18, United Nations, 1966."]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["This subject is encountered in historical research, community engagement and accounts of religious diversity in Madagascar.","It supports understanding of Muslim communities and institutions while keeping regional histories, individual beliefs and local practices distinct."]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q3139127: Islam in Madagascar","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3139127","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Islam in Madagascar","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_Madagascar","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Which existing Vercy world model, if any, already covers this concept and should serve as its single source of truth?","Which estimates of Muslim affiliation in Madagascar are methodologically defensible, and can disagreements between them be explained?","Which community self-descriptions and regional differences are supported by local evidence rather than broad external classifications?","Which historical claims about Islamic transmission and Arabic-script Malagasy traditions are securely evidenced, and which continuities remain disputed?","Which institutions currently represent particular Muslim constituencies, and how adequately do available sources capture lived practice and public conditions outside the best-documented localities?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q3139127/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q3139127/spec.json"],"providers":["Codex"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T10:36:14Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"not-applicable","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:29+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane SOC: no invented physical properties.","interaction.recognition":"This religious presence has no single visual identity, and appearance alone cannot reliably identify religious affiliation or distinguish local traditions."},"score":1.0}}