{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.last-mile","code":"thing-q32365","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q32365/","name":"last mile","alternateNames":[],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.2","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Cross-cutting context","entryKind":"thing","plane":"XCT","domain":["XCT.REL"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"The final segment of a telecommunications network that connects the network to the end user, home or business, such as a copper, fibre or wireless link from an access network to a premises; the last mile is often the most costly and constrained part of a network and shapes broadband access.","purpose":"Let an agent explain the last mile in telecommunications, describe access technologies and challenges, and support network planning and policy questions with sources.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["The last mile is the end-user segment of a telecommunications network.","It is often costly to provide.","It can use copper, fibre or wireless access technologies.","It helps determine whether users can access telecommunications services."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"telecom","name":"Telecom","description":"Broadband access.","layers":[{"id":"options","name":"Options","description":"Access technologies.","findings":[{"id":"options-finding","name":"Options","description":"Technologies.","questions":[{"text":"Which last-mile technologies, such as fibre, cable, DSL, fixed wireless and satellite, are available here, and how do they compare?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"What determines the cost per premises?","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"policy","name":"Policy","description":"Access policy.","findings":[{"id":"policy-finding","name":"Policy","description":"Policy.","questions":[{"text":"Which regulations and subsidies address last-mile access and the digital divide?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"How is coverage measured?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"logistics","name":"Logistics","description":"Last-mile delivery.","layers":[{"id":"delivery","name":"Delivery","description":"Delivery models.","findings":[{"id":"delivery-finding","name":"Delivery","description":"Delivery.","questions":[{"text":"What last-mile delivery models exist, such as vans, cargo bikes, lockers and pickup points, and how do they compare in cost and emissions?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which suits this urban context?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"urban","name":"Urban","description":"Urban impacts.","findings":[{"id":"urban-finding","name":"Urban","description":"Urban impacts.","questions":[{"text":"How do last-mile deliveries affect congestion and emissions, and how do cities regulate them?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which pilots are documented?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"transport","name":"Transport","description":"First and last mile.","layers":[{"id":"access","name":"Access","description":"Reaching transit.","findings":[{"id":"access-finding","name":"Access","description":"Transit access.","questions":[{"text":"How can first and last mile access to public transport be improved, such as with feeders, bikes and micromobility?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"What does research say about effectiveness?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"plan","name":"Plan","description":"Planning.","findings":[{"id":"plan-finding","name":"Plan","description":"Planning.","questions":[{"text":"How should last-mile solutions be planned for this area?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which data are needed?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"concept","name":"Concept","description":"The idea.","layers":[{"id":"origin","name":"Origin","description":"Origin of the term.","findings":[{"id":"origin-finding","name":"Origin","description":"Origin.","questions":[{"text":"Where does the term last mile come from, and how has its use spread across sectors?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sense is meant here?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"economics","name":"Economics","description":"Why it is hard.","findings":[{"id":"economics-finding","name":"Economics","description":"Economics.","questions":[{"text":"Why is the last mile disproportionately costly and difficult across sectors?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which innovations address it?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Report last-mile coverage, speeds and connection options from official and operator data.","Plan last-mile telecommunications connections it is authorized to manage, within local rules."],"mustNot":["Present an area as served when people there cannot actually connect.","Disclose private subscriber addresses or connection records without authorization.","Cut off a premises' last-mile connection without the authority to do so."],"requiresHuman":["Withdrawing telecommunications service from an area or households requires human authorization."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Uneconomic last-mile connections can leave rural and poor areas without broadband.","Decisions about telecommunications access affect participation in education, work and public services."],"affectedParties":["Households and businesses depend on last-mile telecommunications connections.","Underserved communities are affected by gaps in network access."]},"owners":{"steward":"The telecommunications network operator; regulators oversee universal service.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["Regulatory broadband coverage maps record reported network coverage."]},"relations":[{"target":"Q2608299","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"network connection","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"broadband","type":"related","note":"telecom sense"},{"target":"logistics","type":"related","note":"delivery sense"},{"target":"people mover","type":"related","note":"transport feeder example"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.last-mile","Wikidata: Q32365 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32365)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Final segment to the user","High cost per user","The backbone or core network is the opposite end","Not physical as such; local cables, delivery vans, bikes and feeder transport."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain last-mile concepts by sector","describe technologies and options","analyse cost and access challenges","support planning and policy"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Uneconomic last-mile connections can contribute to the digital divide.","Capacity constraints can limit the quality of telecommunications service.","Coverage claims can overstate whether premises can actually connect."]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Telecommunications access regulation","Universal service obligations","Urban delivery and transport rules"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["The final network link to end users.","last-mile broadband access","last-mile delivery in logistics","first and last mile in public transport","last-mile connectivity in rural areas"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q32365: last mile","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32365","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Last mile (telecommunications)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last_mile_%28telecommunications%29","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should each sector sense be a separate entry?","How should coverage data be linked?","How should policy instruments be linked?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q32365/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q32365/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-11T21:25:36Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:30+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane XCT: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}