{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.kata-kolok","code":"thing-q3322119","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q3322119/","name":"Kata Kolok","alternateNames":[],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.1.0-research.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Information and virtual systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"INF","domain":["INF.MED"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"Kata Kolok is a village sign language used by deaf and hearing people in Bengkala, northern Bali, Indonesia, with a linguistic structure distinct from spoken Balinese.","purpose":"Enable an agent to recognise Kata Kolok, assess evidence about its use and transmission, and support community-validated documentation and communication.","scope":{"in":["Identification of Kata Kolok and boundaries with neighbouring signing varieties and spoken Balinese","Attested manual and nonmanual forms, constructions and contextual meanings","Geographical organisation of signing space and interpretation of pointing","Participation, acquisition and use within the Bengkala signing community","Evidence quality and permissions for documenting, teaching and reusing Kata Kolok"],"out":["Spoken Balinese grammar and vocabulary except where contact bears on Kata Kolok","Other Indonesian sign languages and signing systems as independent language models","Bengkala's geography, administration and economy except as communicative context","Medical or genetic explanations of deafness","Individual signers' personal biographies and clinical records"],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Require linguistic evidence and community attribution connecting a sample to Kata Kolok; a recording made in Bali alone does not identify the language.","Distinguish Kata Kolok from other Balinese signing varieties through documented comparisons. Research reports linguistic independence while questioning what isolation means under sustained language contact. [De Vos, 2014](https://www.mpi.nl/publications/item2013513/absolute-spatial-deixis-and-proto-toponyms-kata-kolok)","Test whether spatial references depend on geographical locations rather than assuming arbitrary discourse locations; this is a documented feature, not a sufficient identification test by itself. [De Vos, 2013](https://benjamins.com/catalog/sll.16.2.08vos)","Distinguish conventional language use from an individual's improvised gesture through recurring forms, shared interpretations and connected discourse.","Do not identify Kata Kolok as manually encoded Balinese merely because signers share a cultural setting; conceptual influence does not establish direct lexical or grammatical copying."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"language-identity-and-contact","name":"Language identity and contact","description":"Establish what counts as Kata Kolok and how contact differs from shared linguistic ancestry.","layers":[{"id":"community-attribution","name":"Community attribution","description":"Connect language labels and samples to the relevant signing community.","findings":[{"id":"kata-kolok-attribution","name":"Kata Kolok attribution","description":"Record who identifies a sample as Kata Kolok, their basis for doing so and any competing attribution.","questions":[{"text":"Which community members or documented linguistic comparisons identify this sample as Kata Kolok?","id":"kata-kolok-attribution-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"What evidence distinguishes it from another signing variety used in Bali?","id":"kata-kolok-attribution-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"balinese-contact","name":"Balinese contact","description":"Separate shared cultural concepts from borrowed forms and genealogical claims.","findings":[{"id":"contact-without-equivalence","name":"Contact without equivalence","description":"Research proposes conceptual influence from Balinese and shared practices without corresponding direct calques; record the evidence and attribution of each contact claim. [De Vos, 2014](https://www.mpi.nl/publications/item2013513/absolute-spatial-deixis-and-proto-toponyms-kata-kolok)","questions":[{"text":"Does the proposed connection concern linguistic form, spatial concepts or a shared communicative practice?","id":"contact-without-equivalence-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which observations support contact rather than inheritance, coincidence or an analyst's translation choice?","id":"contact-without-equivalence-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"attested-forms-and-constructions","name":"Attested forms and constructions","description":"Represent Kata Kolok expressions through observed signing and contextual interpretation.","layers":[{"id":"sign-form-evidence","name":"Sign form evidence","description":"Capture visible form, meaning and variation in actual examples.","findings":[{"id":"form-meaning-attestation","name":"Form and meaning attestation","description":"Attach candidate signs to timestamped examples and signer interpretations rather than treating Indonesian or English glosses as lexical identities.","questions":[{"text":"Which manual and nonmanual features recur in examples assigned to this Kata Kolok sign?","id":"form-meaning-attestation-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Do knowledgeable signers treat the observed differences as different signs, variants or contextual realisations?","id":"form-meaning-attestation-q02","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"construction-interpretation","name":"Construction interpretation","description":"Assess how connected signing conveys relations beyond individual signs.","findings":[{"id":"contextual-grammatical-analysis","name":"Contextual grammatical analysis","description":"Treat proposed patterns for reference, questions, negation and event participants as analyses requiring Kata Kolok evidence.","questions":[{"text":"Which connected examples and signer judgements support the proposed construction and interpretation?","id":"contextual-grammatical-analysis-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Could the apparent pattern result from elicitation, translation or the conventions of another language?","id":"contextual-grammatical-analysis-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"geographical-signing-space","name":"Geographical signing space","description":"Model how spatial expressions connect signing to the surrounding world.","layers":[{"id":"direction-and-reference","name":"Direction and reference","description":"Preserve the orientation and referent evidence behind pointing interpretations.","findings":[{"id":"geographical-anchoring","name":"Geographical anchoring","description":"Research describes a preference for geographical anchoring in spatial reference; annotation should retain the evidence needed to test that analysis in each example. [De Vos, 2013](https://benjamins.com/catalog/sll.16.2.08vos)","questions":[{"text":"What were the signer's orientation, pointing direction and relevant real-world locations during this expression?","id":"geographical-anchoring-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What evidence establishes a geographical anchor rather than a temporary discourse location?","id":"geographical-anchoring-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"place-reference","name":"Place reference","description":"Distinguish location-dependent pointing from conventional place naming.","findings":[{"id":"proto-toponym-analysis","name":"Proto-toponym analysis","description":"De Vos analyses place references as deictic proto-toponyms rather than a class of true toponyms; preserve this as an attributed analysis open to further evidence. [De Vos, 2014](https://www.mpi.nl/publications/item2013513/absolute-spatial-deixis-and-proto-toponyms-kata-kolok)","questions":[{"text":"Does identifying the place require knowing the signer's location and pointing direction?","id":"proto-toponym-analysis-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"What happens to the expression when the signer refers to the same place from another location?","id":"proto-toponym-analysis-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]}]},{"id":"community-use-and-transmission","name":"Community use and transmission","description":"Assess who uses and acquires Kata Kolok through dated evidence from signing networks.","layers":[{"id":"participation-and-repertoires","name":"Participation and repertoires","description":"Describe competence and communicative settings without inferring proficiency from hearing status.","findings":[{"id":"situated-signing-participation","name":"Situated signing participation","description":"Record observed Kata Kolok use across households, peer groups and other locally identified settings, including participants' other communication resources.","questions":[{"text":"Which deaf and hearing participants use Kata Kolok in the observed setting, and how was their competence assessed?","id":"situated-signing-participation-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which interactions involve Kata Kolok, another language or mixed practices, and who made that distinction?","id":"situated-signing-participation-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"learning-and-continuity","name":"Learning and continuity","description":"Connect acquisition opportunities to evidence of continuing use across generations.","findings":[{"id":"transmission-evidence","name":"Transmission evidence","description":"Assess how new signers encounter and use Kata Kolok, keeping historical descriptions separate from current observations.","questions":[{"text":"Which younger learners have sustained access to proficient Kata Kolok signers, and in what settings?","id":"transmission-evidence-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which locally requested action would address an evidenced gap in learning or everyday use?","id":"transmission-evidence-q02","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"documentation-and-community-use","name":"Documentation and community use","description":"Make Kata Kolok evidence interpretable and determine suitable uses of recordings and derived materials.","layers":[{"id":"recording-and-analysis-quality","name":"Recording and analysis quality","description":"Track what a recording can establish and where interpretation remains uncertain.","findings":[{"id":"interpretable-video-evidence","name":"Interpretable video evidence","description":"Link analyses to recordings that preserve relevant hands, face, body, interaction and spatial context, with annotation history.","questions":[{"text":"Does the recording preserve the visible and geographical information needed to evaluate this Kata Kolok interpretation?","id":"interpretable-video-evidence-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which signers reviewed the annotation, and where do their interpretations disagree?","id":"interpretable-video-evidence-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"validated-and-permitted-reuse","name":"Validated and permitted reuse","description":"Connect proposed teaching, translation or computational uses to appropriate review and permission.","findings":[{"id":"reuse-readiness","name":"Reuse readiness","description":"Assess linguistic validation and permission separately before turning Kata Kolok footage into public examples, lessons or training data.","questions":[{"text":"What permissions cover this recording and the specific proposed derivative use?","id":"reuse-readiness-q01","kind":"action"},{"text":"Who can validate that the resulting material conveys the intended Kata Kolok meaning for its intended audience?","id":"reuse-readiness-q02","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"evidence-and-external-alignment","name":"Evidence and external alignment","description":"What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.","layers":[{"id":"reported-evidence","name":"Reported evidence","description":"Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.","findings":[{"id":"evidence-confidence-notes","name":"Check these first","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these check these first hold for the sense of Kata Kolok this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-confidence-notes-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-identifiers","name":"Identifiers and schemes","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of Kata Kolok this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-identifiers-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-real-world-use","name":"Real-world use","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Kata Kolok this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-real-world-use-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards","name":"Failure modes and hazards","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Kata Kolok this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-regional-variation","name":"Regional variation","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of Kata Kolok this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-regional-variation-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-neighbours","name":"Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Kata Kolok this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-neighbours-q01","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Describe Kata Kolok and the community of Bengkala from published research.","Point to research that involved the community with its consent."],"mustNot":["Film or publish villagers, especially deaf villagers, without their consent.","Treat the village as a spectacle or tourist attraction.","Present the language as a simplified gesture system rather than a full language."],"requiresHuman":["Publishing research data or recordings from the village."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["A small community and its deaf members can be harmed by unwanted attention.","Researchers and visitors must respect the village's choices about its language."],"affectedParties":["Deaf villagers of Bengkala","Hearing villagers","Researchers"]},"owners":{"steward":"The community of Bengkala that uses it.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q3915038","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.kata-kolok","Wikidata: Q3322119 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3322119)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":["Language attribution: community-confirmed | research-attributed | provisional | disputed","Signing-community connection: Documented connection to Bengkala signing networks, with location and observation date","Spatial reference strategy: geographically anchored | discourse-assigned | body-relative | mixed | unresolved, per attested construction","Form realisation: Observed handshape, orientation, location, movement and nonmanual activity, with video evidence","Acquisition pathway: Reported learning through household, peers, community interaction or organised teaching; age and evidence recorded where available","Active signer estimate: persons, with survey date, geographical coverage, competence criterion and uncertainty","Intergenerational transmission: locally assessed as continuing | restricted | interrupted | unknown, with supporting observations","Recording reuse permission: Permission separately established for viewing, annotation, teaching, publication and model training"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["Assess whether a recording is attributable to Kata Kolok and route uncertain cases to knowledgeable signers.","Annotate attested forms and constructions while preserving video context and alternative interpretations.","Interpret geographically anchored pointing using recorded orientation and local referent knowledge.","Compare dated evidence about acquisition and use to identify possible transmission gaps.","Prepare community-reviewed learning or translation materials from validated examples.","Select recordings for a proposed use according to their documented permissions."]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Confusing Kata Kolok with another sign language can cause communication failures and exclusion.","Publishing identifiable signing recordings without informed consent can compromise privacy and community control over documentation.","Treating limited recordings as representative of every signer can distort descriptions and undermine community language transmission."]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["ISO 639-3, issued by the International Organization for Standardization, identifies Kata Kolok within its classification of individual languages.","The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, adopted by the United Nations General Assembly, recognizes sign languages and supports their use and linguistic identity."]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Kata Kolok is used for everyday communication among deaf and hearing signers in Bengkala, northern Bali.","It is also encountered in community education and linguistic documentation concerning language structure, transmission and local signing practices."]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q3322119: Kata Kolok","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3322119","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Kata Kolok","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kata_Kolok","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["What are the current geographical extent and active signer population of Kata Kolok under explicit, community-appropriate competence criteria?","How do lexical choices, constructions and spatial reference vary across generations, signing networks and acquisition histories?","How well do published analyses of geographical anchoring and proto-toponyms account for present-day use away from familiar village locations?","What effects do schooling, mobility and contact with other signing varieties currently have on Kata Kolok acquisition and everyday use?","Which community reviewers, recording permissions and validated resources are available for teaching, translation and computational reuse?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q3322119/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q3322119/spec.json"],"providers":["Codex"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T10:44:05Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"not-applicable","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:30+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane INF: no invented physical properties.","interaction.recognition":"Kata Kolok cannot be reliably distinguished from other sign languages by a few visual cues without linguistic knowledge and contextual evidence."},"score":1.0}}