{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.creole","code":"thing-q33289","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q33289/","name":"creole","alternateNames":["Melanesian Pidgin","Japanese-based creole languages","Cannanore Indo-Portuguese creole","Kristang","American French creole languages","English-based creole languages","Sri Lankan Portuguese Creole","Bidau Creole Portuguese","Daman and Diu Portuguese Creole","Ermitaño creole","Larantuka Malay","Belter Creole"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.3","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Information and virtual systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"INF","domain":["INF.MED"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A stable natural language that developed from a pidgin or contact variety and became the native language of a community, typically with vocabulary from a lexifier such as English, French, Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch, Arabic or Japanese and grammar shaped by contact, including English-based creoles such as Jamaican Patois and Tok Pisin, French-based creoles such as Haitian Creole and Louisiana Creole, Portuguese-based creoles such as Kristang and the Indo-Portuguese creoles of Kerala, and Melanesian Pidgin varieties; creoles are full languages, and their origins are debated in linguistics.","purpose":"Let an agent explain creole languages and their formation, relay classification by lexifier and region from linguistic sources, present theories of creole genesis with attribution, and distinguish creoles from pidgins and dialects, without prejudice.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Nativised contact language","Lexifier plus contact grammar","Full linguistic status","Debated origins"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What a creole is.","layers":[{"id":"definition","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","findings":[{"id":"definition-finding","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","questions":[{"text":"What is a creole language, and how does it differ from a pidgin, a dialect and a mixed language?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the question about creole languages, creole peoples or creole cuisine?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"classification","name":"Classification","description":"Classification.","findings":[{"id":"classification-finding","name":"Classification","description":"Classification.","questions":[{"text":"How are creoles classified by lexifier and region, from Kristang to Melanesian Pidgin?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific creole?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"origins","name":"Origins","description":"Origins.","layers":[{"id":"genesis","name":"Genesis","description":"Genesis theories.","findings":[{"id":"genesis-finding","name":"Genesis","description":"Genesis.","questions":[{"text":"What theories of creole genesis exist, from substrate and superstrate to bioprogram and gradualist views, with positions attributed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the presentation neutral and attributed?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"Historical contexts.","findings":[{"id":"history-finding","name":"History","description":"History.","questions":[{"text":"How did slavery, trade and colonisation shape creole formation, as historians describe?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"status","name":"Status","description":"Status and use.","layers":[{"id":"official","name":"Official","description":"Official status.","findings":[{"id":"official-finding","name":"Official","description":"Official.","questions":[{"text":"Which creoles have official status, and how are they used in education and media?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"attitudes","name":"Attitudes","description":"Attitudes.","findings":[{"id":"attitudes-finding","name":"Attitudes","description":"Attitudes.","questions":[{"text":"How have attitudes to creoles changed, and what stigma persists, with attribution?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits language attitudes?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"Structure and culture.","layers":[{"id":"structure","name":"Structure","description":"Structure.","findings":[{"id":"structure-finding","name":"Structure","description":"Structure.","questions":[{"text":"What grammatical features do creoles share, and what does that show about language?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits creole grammar?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"culture","name":"Culture","description":"Culture.","findings":[{"id":"culture-finding","name":"Culture","description":"Culture.","questions":[{"text":"How do creoles feature in literature, music and identity?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits creole literature?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Describe a creole language, its history and its grammar from linguistic sources.","Translate between a creole and other languages where the agent has reliable competence, flagging uncertainty.","Support efforts to write, teach and document creole languages."],"mustNot":["Describe a creole as broken or corrupted speech rather than a full language.","Treat the lexifier language's spelling or grammar as the correct form of a creole.","Produce creole text of poor quality in official, legal or medical settings where errors harm people.","Publish community language material without the consent of its speakers."],"requiresHuman":["Using machine translation of a creole in legal, medical or asylum proceedings."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Creole speakers have long been told their language is inferior, which has cost them schooling and standing.","Poor translation in official settings can cost people their rights."],"affectedParties":["Creole speakers","Children taught in a second language","Communities documenting their language"]},"owners":{"steward":"The speech community; language institutes and academies where they exist document standards.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q133253514","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q19682167","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"contact language","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"pidgin or creole","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"pidgin","type":"related","note":"through nativisation"},{"target":"creolistics","type":"related","note":"within linguistics"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.creole","Wikidata: Q33289 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33289)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":["creole languages: about 100 count - estimates vary","Haitian Creole speakers: about 12 million"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Native language developed from language contact","English, French, Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch, Arabic and Japanese based creoles; Melanesian Pidgin","Pidgins lack native speakers; mixed languages and dialects differ; creole also names peoples and cuisines","Not a visible object; spoken and written languages."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain formation and status","relay classification","present genesis theories","distinguish from pidgins"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Treating creoles as broken forms of their lexifiers","Presenting genesis theories as settled","Confusing creole languages with creole peoples"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Official language status in countries such as Haiti, Seychelles, Papua New Guinea and Vanuatu","Orthography standards for individual creoles","ISO 639 language codes"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Not applicable; a class of languages.","English-based creoles such as Jamaican Patois, Tok Pisin, Bislama and Krio","French-based creoles such as Haitian, Mauritian and Louisiana Creole","Portuguese-based creoles such as Kristang, Cape Verdean and Indo-Portuguese creoles such as Cannanore","Spanish-based creoles such as Chavacano and Palenquero","Dutch, Arabic and Japanese-based creoles","Melanesian Pidgin varieties"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q33289: creole","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33289","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Creole language","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creole_language","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should Haitian Creole and Tok Pisin be separate primary entries?","How should linguistic databases be linked?","The registry entry has merged aliases naming languages and groupings; should they be split off?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q33289/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q33289/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-13T02:38:35Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:51:59+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane INF: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}