{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.martha-s-vineyard-sign-language","code":"thing-q33494","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q33494/","name":"Martha's Vineyard Sign Language","alternateNames":[],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.1.0-research.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Information and virtual systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"INF","domain":["INF.MED"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"Martha's Vineyard Sign Language was a now-extinct community sign language used by deaf and hearing residents of Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, especially in communities with a high historical prevalence of hereditary deafness.","purpose":"Enable an agent to identify Martha's Vineyard Sign Language, evaluate evidence about its historical use and surviving documentation, and judge which interpretations or reuse activities that evidence supports.","scope":{"in":["Identification of historically attributed Vineyard signing, with locality, period and attribution evidence","Deaf and hearing signer populations, acquisition pathways and domains of use","Attested signs, linguistic patterns and possible local or generational variation","Historical contact with American Sign Language and competing accounts of linguistic origins","Surviving documentation, transmission status and conditions for responsible interpretation or reuse"],"out":["Martha's Vineyard geography and general island history except where they establish signing contexts","The genetics, diagnosis and treatment of hereditary deafness","American Sign Language as a complete language or teaching curriculum","General histories of Deaf culture and deaf education","Writing systems, transcription conventions and archive platforms as independently modeled tools"],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["An attribution must connect signing evidence to a historical Vineyard community, period and transmission context; present-day signing on the island alone does not establish MVSL identity.","A candidate sign must be assessed against ASL contact, borrowing and retrospective recall; similarity or difference in one sign does not establish a language boundary.","The model distinguishes linguistic competence from hearing status: a count of deaf residents is not automatically a count of MVSL signers.","An English gloss, fingerspelled word or transcription symbol does not by itself identify an MVSL lexical item or demonstrate its grammar.","Community signing, individual household gestures and modern reconstructions require separate attribution, even when all are associated with Vineyard families."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"vineyard-language-identity","name":"Vineyard language identity","description":"Establishes what historical signing the MVSL label identifies and how competing classifications are represented.","layers":[{"id":"names-and-authorities","name":"Names and authorities","description":"Connects names and catalogue identifiers to the entities their authorities actually describe.","findings":[{"id":"mvsl-name-referent","name":"MVSL name referent","description":"Record who applies the name Martha's Vineyard Sign Language or MVSL, to which community and period, and with what classificatory basis.","questions":[{"text":"Which names were used by historical participants, and which were introduced by later researchers or cataloguers?","id":"mvsl-name-referent-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which ISO 639, Glottolog and Ethnologue records can be verified, and do their scopes match this registry entry?","id":"mvsl-name-referent-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"mvsl-asl-boundary","name":"MVSL and ASL boundary","description":"Evaluates linguistic attribution across periods of contact rather than assuming an unchanging separation.","findings":[{"id":"historically-qualified-distinctness","name":"Historically qualified distinctness","description":"Treat language distinctness and the effects of mainland contact as questions requiring period-specific evidence. A demographic reassessment explicitly revisits the community's emergence and subsequent ASL contact: [Power and Meier, 2024](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11195467/).","questions":[{"text":"What linguistic evidence, beyond local residence or family ancestry, supports identifying an item as MVSL rather than ASL?","id":"historically-qualified-distinctness-q01","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Who classified Vineyard signing as a separate language, variety or contact form, and what evidence and historical period did that classification cover?","id":"historically-qualified-distinctness-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"signing-community-and-use","name":"Signing community and use","description":"Records where, when and among whom Vineyard signing functioned.","layers":[{"id":"dated-signer-populations","name":"Dated signer populations","description":"Distinguishes demographic records from direct evidence of language participation.","findings":[{"id":"population-denominators","name":"Population denominators","description":"Maintain separate counts or estimates for deaf residents, hearing signers, fluent users and people reported to know some signs.","questions":[{"text":"For a specified year and locality, how many people are evidenced as signers, using what competence criterion and counting method?","id":"population-denominators-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Do claims about Chilmark, West Tisbury or the whole island share the same geographic denominator and evidential basis?","id":"population-denominators-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"interaction-and-participation","name":"Interaction and participation","description":"Examines everyday communication and access without assuming uniform fluency or social inclusion.","findings":[{"id":"situated-signing-practices","name":"Situated signing practices","description":"Record particular interactions, participants and settings, including reports of hearing people signing together and deaf people's participation.","questions":[{"text":"Which accounts document signing in households, work, public gatherings or other settings, and were the accounts contemporaneous or retrospective?","id":"situated-signing-practices-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"What evidence distinguishes frequent shared signing from universal fluency or equal access across all activities?","id":"situated-signing-practices-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"attested-linguistic-repertoire","name":"Attested linguistic repertoire","description":"Defines what can be recorded about signs and linguistic organization from surviving evidence.","layers":[{"id":"sign-forms-and-meanings","name":"Sign forms and meanings","description":"Links lexical interpretations to observable forms and their elicitation or interaction context.","findings":[{"id":"recoverable-sign-evidence","name":"Recoverable sign evidence","description":"Record recoverable handshape, orientation, location, movement and nonmanual features alongside meaning, contributor and uncertainty; mark features absent from the record.","questions":[{"text":"Which form and meaning details are directly visible or explicitly described, and which were supplied by a later interpreter?","id":"recoverable-sign-evidence-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Does the evidence distinguish a conventional community sign from fingerspelling, an improvised gesture or an individual's recollection?","id":"recoverable-sign-evidence-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"grammar-variation-and-notation","name":"Grammar, variation and notation","description":"Separates linguistic patterns from documentary conventions and untested assumptions about varieties.","findings":[{"id":"limits-of-structural-inference","name":"Limits of structural inference","description":"Assess whether contextualized material supports claims about syntax, spatial reference, nonmanual marking, registers or local variation; keep glosses and transcription systems separate from MVSL itself.","questions":[{"text":"Which connected signing examples support grammatical analysis or differences between generations, localities or interaction settings?","id":"limits-of-structural-inference-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Is a reported written form a community orthography, a research notation or an English gloss, and is any standard variety actually documented?","id":"limits-of-structural-inference-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"emergence-contact-and-transmission","name":"Emergence, contact and transmission","description":"Tracks competing historical explanations, learning networks and changes in continued use.","layers":[{"id":"origins-and-school-contact","name":"Origins and school contact","description":"Evaluates proposed origins and exchanges with mainland signing communities.","findings":[{"id":"contact-versus-descent","name":"Contact versus descent","description":"Keep hypotheses about Kent connections, local emergence and exchanges through the American School for the Deaf separate, with evidence for each proposed mechanism and direction.","questions":[{"text":"What direct linguistic or historical evidence supports proposed Kent ancestry, local emergence or other contact explanations beyond settler genealogy?","id":"contact-versus-descent-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which evidence establishes movement of signing practices between Vineyard residents and mainland schools, and can the direction of influence be determined?","id":"contact-versus-descent-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"continuity-and-recognition","name":"Continuity and recognition","description":"Separates household transmission, residual knowledge, educational treatment and formal recognition.","findings":[{"id":"qualified-transmission-endpoints","name":"Qualified transmission endpoints","description":"Attach dates, user categories and sources to cessation claims, and record educational or legal status only where supporting records exist.","questions":[{"text":"What dates are supported for the last deaf fluent user, last hearing fluent user, last regular interaction and last fragmentary recollection?","id":"qualified-transmission-endpoints-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which school records or legal instruments specifically address Vineyard signing, and what do they establish about instruction, restriction or recognition?","id":"qualified-transmission-endpoints-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"documentation-and-responsible-reuse","name":"Documentation and responsible reuse","description":"Makes surviving evidence traceable and controls what an agent can responsibly infer or produce from it.","layers":[{"id":"archive-and-testimony-lineage","name":"Archive and testimony lineage","description":"Connects claims to original records, contributors and subsequent transformations.","findings":[{"id":"item-level-evidence-chain","name":"Item-level evidence chain","description":"Identify the original recording, manuscript or interview, its custodian, creation date, contributor's language experience and the chain of transcription or interpretation.","questions":[{"text":"Which accessible holdings preserve actual signing, descriptions of signs or testimony about use, and what stable item identifiers locate them?","id":"item-level-evidence-chain-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"How long after the reported use was each account collected, and do apparently independent publications repeat the same underlying testimony?","id":"item-level-evidence-chain-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"permitted-interpretation-and-output","name":"Permitted interpretation and output","description":"Relates intended archival, educational or reconstructive work to evidence quality and item-specific permissions.","findings":[{"id":"evidence-bounded-reuse","name":"Evidence-bounded reuse","description":"Specify when an agent may describe, compare, reproduce or reconstruct material, retaining provenance and labeling uncertainty in the resulting output.","questions":[{"text":"What rights, contributor permissions or repository conditions govern reproduction and annotation of each recording or testimony?","id":"evidence-bounded-reuse-q01","kind":"action"},{"text":"Does the available evidence support the requested translation, demonstration or teaching material, or must the output be labeled a hypothesis or reconstruction?","id":"evidence-bounded-reuse-q02","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"evidence-and-external-alignment","name":"Evidence and external alignment","description":"What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.","layers":[{"id":"reported-evidence","name":"Reported evidence","description":"Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.","findings":[{"id":"evidence-confidence-notes","name":"Check these first","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these check these first hold for the sense of Martha's Vineyard Sign Language this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-confidence-notes-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-real-world-use","name":"Real-world use","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Martha's Vineyard Sign Language this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-real-world-use-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards","name":"Failure modes and hazards","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Martha's Vineyard Sign Language this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-regional-variation","name":"Regional variation","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of Martha's Vineyard Sign Language this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-regional-variation-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-neighbours","name":"Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Martha's Vineyard Sign Language this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-neighbours-q01","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Describe Martha's Vineyard Sign Language and its history from published research.","Explain its influence on later sign languages as scholars describe it."],"mustNot":["Present it as a living language with current users.","Publish genealogical or medical details about named island families and hereditary deafness.","Present the island community as a curiosity rather than as people."],"requiresHuman":["Publishing archival records about named deaf individuals or families."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Hereditary deafness research touches families' private medical history.","The story is often told as an ideal of inclusion; it deserves accurate, not romanticized, telling."],"affectedParties":["Descendants of island families","Deaf communities"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody now: the language is extinct; historians and archives keep its record.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q3915038","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.martha-s-vineyard-sign-language","Wikidata: Q33494 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33494)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":["Historical identity attribution: Explicitly attributed MVSL; probable Vineyard signing; ASL-associated signing; mixed or uncertain attribution","Authority identifiers: Registry id vr.tr.martha-s-vineyard-sign-language; externally verified ISO 639, Glottolog or Ethnologue records with authority and retrieval date, or explicitly unverified","Attested period and locality: Calendar year or bounded interval, named settlement, source and date uncertainty","Signer population estimate: Persons or estimated range, reference year, locality, competence criterion, counting method and source","Acquisition and participation profile: Early community acquisition; later acquisition; school-mediated contact; receptive knowledge; recalled fragments; unknown","Transmission condition: Intergenerational use attested; residual use attested; recollection only; no living users documented; unknown, each dated and sourced","Linguistic evidence coverage: Number of distinct recorded sign types, contextualized utterances and identifiable contributors, with deduplication method","Language-contact relationship: Proposed contact partner, direction, period, mechanism, supporting evidence and confidence","Educational and legal recognition: Documented recognition, documented restriction, historical educational use, no instrument located or unverified; jurisdiction and date required"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["Evaluate whether an archival item supports attribution to MVSL, ASL-associated Vineyard signing or an unresolved category.","Compare dated estimates of signing participation without substituting deafness prevalence for language competence.","Trace an origin, contact or lexical claim to the observations and historical records supporting it.","Identify which linguistic questions surviving records can answer and which require additional evidence.","Prepare source-linked archival annotations or educational descriptions that distinguish attestation, recollection and reconstruction."]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Presenting speculative reconstructions as documented signs can spread false historical information.","Conflating this language with other sign languages can misattribute linguistic evidence and community history.","Reusing personal historical records without attention to privacy and provenance can harm descendants or misrepresent their families."]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Martha's Vineyard Sign Language historically supported everyday communication among deaf and hearing island residents.","It is now encountered through historical accounts and surviving documentation used in sign language history and research on community communication."]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q33494: Martha's Vineyard Sign Language","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33494","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Martha's Vineyard Sign Language","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martha%27s_Vineyard_Sign_Language","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Which original signing records remain accessible, and do they contain enough connected discourse to support grammatical analysis beyond isolated signs?","How should competing accounts of emergence and proposed Kent connections be weighed against demographic evidence and the scarcity of early linguistic documentation?","What period-specific evidence distinguishes MVSL from ASL-influenced Vineyard signing and establishes the direction or extent of influence?","What dated estimates can distinguish deaf residents, hearing signers, fluent users and residual rememberers, including their different last-use dates?","Which external language identifiers, educational-status records and legal-recognition instruments can be verified for MVSL specifically?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q33494/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q33494/spec.json"],"providers":["Codex"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T11:11:01Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"not-applicable","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"not-applicable","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:30+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane INF: no invented physical properties.","interaction.interfaces":"No dedicated standard, law or official classification is identified here as governing this historical language itself.","interaction.recognition":"The language is an abstract linguistic system, and an isolated visible gesture cannot reliably establish that it belongs to this historical tradition."},"score":1.0}}