{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.ojkanje","code":"thing-q3349990","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q3349990/","name":"ojkanje","alternateNames":[],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.1.0-research.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Information and virtual systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"INF","domain":["INF.MED"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"Ojkanje is a traditional multipart singing practice associated especially with the Dalmatian hinterland of Croatia, characterized by a distinctive voice-shaking technique and sustained vocal phrases.","purpose":"Enable an agent to recognise ojkanje as a living vocal tradition, assess the continuity of its locally recognised forms, and support documentation, learning and reuse with appropriate attribution and permission.","scope":{"in":["Community names and boundaries of ojkanje and its local forms","Characteristic vocal technique, part relationships and phrase organisation","Relationships between recurring melodic patterns, sung texts and performance variants","Practitioner recognition, learning relationships and continuity of particular forms","Evidence and permissions needed to document, teach or reuse examples"],"out":["Individual concerts, festivals and rehearsals as managed events","Singers and folklore associations as persons or organisations","Audio files, videos and physical recordings as separately managed objects","General vocal physiology and clinical voice assessment","Other regional singing traditions unless documenting a boundary or relationship"],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Test for the characteristic throat-produced shaking of the voice, rather than identifying ojkanje from a song title or the syllable 'oj' alone. [UNESCO description](https://ich.unesco.org/en/USL/ojkanje-singing-00320)","For the form described by UNESCO, distinguish two musical parts from the number of performers: two or more singers participate. [UNESCO description](https://ich.unesco.org/en/USL/ojkanje-singing-00320)","Compare phrase endings with the lead singer's sustained breath; UNESCO describes this as determining song duration. Treat it as a documented feature whose applicability to each local form needs checking. [UNESCO description](https://ich.unesco.org/en/USL/ojkanje-singing-00320)","Require named local testimony or comparative documentation before treating an acoustically similar regional singing form as ojkanje."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"ojkanje-identity-and-boundaries","name":"Ojkanje identity and boundaries","description":"Establish which uses of the name refer to this tradition and how local classifications qualify that identification.","layers":[{"id":"attested-names","name":"Attested names","description":"Connect names to the people, places and evidence that give them meaning.","findings":[{"id":"local-name-authority","name":"Local name authority","description":"Record who calls a practice ojkanje and whether that person uses the term for a technique, a local form or a broader tradition.","questions":[{"text":"What does ojkanje designate for the practitioners represented in this evidence?","id":"local-name-authority-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Who supplied each local name, where, and in what documented context?","id":"local-name-authority-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"neighbouring-form-boundaries","name":"Neighbouring form boundaries","description":"Assess related labels through explicit comparison.","findings":[{"id":"related-label-classification","name":"Related label classification","description":"Treat relationships to labels such as ojkača, ganga and rera as research questions rather than automatic synonymy.","questions":[{"text":"Which musical and practitioner-defined criteria separate this example from forms called ojkača, ganga or rera?","id":"related-label-classification-q01","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Does the evidence support synonymy, a narrower form, historical relationship or a distinct neighbouring tradition?","id":"related-label-classification-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"vocal-and-ensemble-organisation","name":"Vocal and ensemble organisation","description":"Make the audible features used to recognise ojkanje inspectable.","layers":[{"id":"voice-shaking-evidence","name":"Voice-shaking evidence","description":"Document the characteristic technique through listening, practitioner explanation and cautious measurement.","findings":[{"id":"technique-identification","name":"Technique identification","description":"Keep the audible observation, the singer's explanation and any acoustic interpretation distinguishable.","questions":[{"text":"At which timestamps is the identifying voice-shaking technique audible?","id":"technique-identification-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"How does an experienced practitioner distinguish this technique from other vocal oscillations?","id":"technique-identification-q02","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"parts-and-phrasing","name":"Parts and phrasing","description":"Describe voice relationships and the organisation of complete phrases.","findings":[{"id":"ensemble-phrase-profile","name":"Ensemble phrase profile","description":"Map musical parts, entrances, pitch relationships and endings without assuming all local forms follow an identical pattern.","questions":[{"text":"How many musical parts are audible, and which singers carry each part over the phrase?","id":"ensemble-phrase-profile-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"How do the supporting voices and phrase ending relate to the lead singer's breath?","id":"ensemble-phrase-profile-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]}]},{"id":"repertoire-and-performance-variation","name":"Repertoire and performance variation","description":"Separate enduring conventions from the words and musical choices of a particular rendition.","layers":[{"id":"text-and-melodic-patterns","name":"Text and melodic patterns","description":"Record how sung words and melodic patterns recur or change.","findings":[{"id":"rendition-relationships","name":"Rendition relationships","description":"Link examples through evidenced textual and musical relationships without assigning a single canonical version by default.","questions":[{"text":"Which words and melodic patterns recur across these examples, and which vary?","id":"rendition-relationships-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Who attributes a text or musical contribution to a named contributor or inherited repertoire?","id":"rendition-relationships-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"setting-and-adaptation","name":"Setting and adaptation","description":"Interpret an example in relation to why and for whom it was performed.","findings":[{"id":"adaptation-account","name":"Adaptation account","description":"Record practitioner accounts of changes made for a demonstration, stage performance, rehearsal or recording.","questions":[{"text":"What setting and intended audience shaped this rendition?","id":"adaptation-account-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which changes do practitioners regard as acceptable variation, and which change its classification?","id":"adaptation-account-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"learning-and-continuity","name":"Learning and continuity","description":"Assess whether particular forms can still be performed and passed on.","layers":[{"id":"practitioner-learning","name":"Practitioner learning","description":"Identify teaching relationships and locally meaningful demonstrations of competence.","findings":[{"id":"learning-pathway","name":"Learning pathway","description":"Connect teachers, learners and reference examples to the particular vocal and ensemble skills being transmitted.","questions":[{"text":"From whom and through which practice settings did the singer learn this form?","id":"learning-pathway-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"What must a learner demonstrate before local practitioners consider them able to sustain the form?","id":"learning-pathway-q02","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"form-level-continuity","name":"Form-level continuity","description":"Assess continuity separately for each documented local form.","findings":[{"id":"continuity-evidence","name":"Continuity evidence","description":"Base assessments on dated observations of practice and teaching rather than visibility at a single festival.","questions":[{"text":"What dated evidence shows people currently performing and teaching this particular form?","id":"continuity-evidence-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which practitioner-requested action would address an identified break in its transmission?","id":"continuity-evidence-q02","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"documentation-and-permitted-use","name":"Documentation and permitted use","description":"Make reference examples reliable and their intended uses reviewable.","layers":[{"id":"reference-example-integrity","name":"Reference example integrity","description":"Connect musical observations to identifiable source material.","findings":[{"id":"recording-evidence-quality","name":"Recording evidence quality","description":"Retain enough recording context to judge whether apparent pitch, timing and ensemble features reflect the performance.","questions":[{"text":"Who recorded and identified this example, where and when, and where can it be inspected?","id":"recording-evidence-quality-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Do editing, playback speed, processing or missing channels limit judgments about the vocal technique or parts?","id":"recording-evidence-quality-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"attribution-and-use","name":"Attribution and use","description":"Separate recognition of the tradition from permission to use a particular performance or recording.","findings":[{"id":"example-use-decision","name":"Example use decision","description":"Record applicable permissions, attribution requests and contextual conditions for each proposed use.","questions":[{"text":"Whose permissions and attribution requirements apply to this performance, text and recording?","id":"example-use-decision-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Do the documented conditions permit the proposed teaching, publication, adaptation or machine-learning use?","id":"example-use-decision-q02","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"evidence-and-external-alignment","name":"Evidence and external alignment","description":"What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.","layers":[{"id":"reported-evidence","name":"Reported evidence","description":"Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.","findings":[{"id":"evidence-confidence-notes","name":"Check these first","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these check these first hold for the sense of ojkanje this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-confidence-notes-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-standards-and-regulation","name":"Standards and regulation","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of ojkanje this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-real-world-use","name":"Real-world use","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of ojkanje this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-real-world-use-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards","name":"Failure modes and hazards","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of ojkanje this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-regional-variation","name":"Regional variation","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of ojkanje this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-regional-variation-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-neighbours","name":"Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of ojkanje this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-neighbours-q01","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Describe ojkanje, its regions and performers from reliable sources and community voices.","Point to recordings and safeguarding projects."],"mustNot":["Record or publish performances without the singers' consent.","Present the tradition as extinct or as belonging to another community.","Use recordings commercially without crediting and compensating the performers."],"requiresHuman":["Publishing archival recordings of named singers."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["The practice is fragile and held by small, ageing communities.","Communities should decide how their heritage is shared."],"affectedParties":["Singers and their communities","Dalmatian hinterland villages"]},"owners":{"steward":"The communities that practise it; national heritage bodies help safeguard it.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["UNESCO List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q107331898","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.ojkanje","Wikidata: Q3349990 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3349990)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":["Locally recognised form: Attested local name, locality, naming source and unresolved alternatives","Voice-shaking realisation: Practitioner description with timestamped examples; uncertain or unassessed","Part and singer configuration: Singers mapped to musical parts and lead or supporting roles within an example","Phrase duration: Seconds per explicitly delimited phrase, with recording timestamps","Pitch organisation: Relative pitches and intervals in cents, with extraction method and uncertainty","Repertoire relationship: Text or melodic example linked as recurring, adapted, newly contributed or unresolved","Transmission continuity: Locally evidenced teaching active; practice without observed teaching; archival evidence only; unknown","Example reuse permission: Documented permission and conditions for each intended use; denied; unresolved"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["A distinctive audible shaking of the voice is a principal recognition cue.","Interacting vocal parts sustain phrases whose duration is closely tied to the leading singer's breath.","These acoustic cues need local context because related regional singing traditions can share similar features."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["Compare a candidate example with attributed reference performances and explain confidence in its classification.","Connect local form names without prematurely merging them into synonyms.","Annotate vocal shaking, part entrances and phrase endings in a recording.","Trace how a text or melodic pattern changes across documented performances.","Identify locally evidenced gaps in teaching and prioritise practitioner-led documentation.","Determine whether a particular example can be shared, adapted or used for instruction under its documented conditions."]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Misidentifying related singing traditions can erase local distinctions and distort documentation.","Recording or reusing performances without appropriate permission can infringe performers' rights and damage community trust.","Forcing unfamiliar vocal techniques can cause vocal strain."]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["UNESCO's Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage inscribed Ojkanje singing on the List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding in 2010."]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Ojkanje is performed in community gatherings and cultural events associated especially with Croatia's Dalmatian hinterland.","It is also encountered in heritage documentation and teaching intended to sustain locally recognised singing practices."]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q3349990: ojkanje","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3349990","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Ojkanje","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ojkanje","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Does the registry intend ojkanje to match the UNESCO-listed element exactly, or a broader usage of the term that requires additional geographic and historical research?","How do practitioners distinguish ojkanje from ojkača, ganga, rera and other related labels across localities?","Which historical solo practices belong within this entry, and how should their relationship to the documented two-part form be represented?","Which acoustic descriptions of voice shaking and pitch organisation are supported by representative recordings and practitioner review?","What recent evidence establishes the continuity, teaching capacity and documentation priorities of each local form?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q3349990/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q3349990/spec.json"],"providers":["Codex"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T11:43:45Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:30+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane INF: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}