{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.science","code":"thing-q336","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q336/","name":"science","alternateNames":[],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Information and virtual systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"INF","domain":["INF.KNW"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"The systematic enterprise that builds and organises knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the world, and the body of knowledge it produces, across natural, social and formal sciences.","purpose":"Let an agent handle science by field, method, evidence strength and consensus, and separate it from pseudoscience.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Testable, revisable claims","Methods open to scrutiny","Consensus built on evidence","Pseudoscience lacks testability or openness"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"field","name":"Field","description":"Which science.","layers":[{"id":"discipline","name":"Discipline","description":"Natural, social, formal.","findings":[{"id":"discipline-finding","name":"Discipline","description":"Field.","questions":[{"text":"Which field of science is meant?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"What does it study?","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"method","name":"Method","description":"How it works.","findings":[{"id":"method-finding","name":"Method","description":"Method.","questions":[{"text":"Which methods does it use?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"How are claims tested?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"evidence","name":"Evidence","description":"Strength of claims.","layers":[{"id":"strength","name":"Strength","description":"Study design.","findings":[{"id":"strength-finding","name":"Strength","description":"Evidence strength.","questions":[{"text":"How strong is the evidence for this claim?","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Is it a single study or a systematic review?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"consensus","name":"Consensus","description":"Agreement.","findings":[{"id":"consensus-finding","name":"Consensus","description":"Consensus.","questions":[{"text":"Is there scientific consensus?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which body states it?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"integrity","name":"Integrity","description":"Good practice.","layers":[{"id":"practice","name":"Practice","description":"Ethics and openness.","findings":[{"id":"practice-finding","name":"Practice","description":"Research integrity.","questions":[{"text":"Was the research ethically approved and preregistered?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Are data available?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"corrections","name":"Corrections","description":"Retractions.","findings":[{"id":"corrections-finding","name":"Corrections","description":"Corrections.","questions":[{"text":"Has the work been corrected or retracted?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Has it replicated?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"communication","name":"Communication","description":"Accuracy.","layers":[{"id":"reporting","name":"Reporting","description":"Media.","findings":[{"id":"reporting-finding","name":"Reporting","description":"Reporting.","questions":[{"text":"Does the summary match what the study found?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Are limits stated?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"boundary","name":"Boundary","description":"Pseudoscience.","findings":[{"id":"boundary-finding","name":"Boundary","description":"Pseudoscience.","questions":[{"text":"Is the claim testable and open to scrutiny?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"How should it be described?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Summarise scientific findings with their sources, uncertainty and date.","Distinguish established consensus from preliminary or disputed results."],"mustNot":["Fabricate data, results or citations.","Present a single study or opinion as settled science.","Misrepresent a researcher's findings or attach their name to claims they did not make.","Help evade ethics review for research on people or animals."],"requiresHuman":["Publishing or submitting research results.","Using scientific claims to justify decisions about public health or safety."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Public trust in science depends on honesty about evidence and uncertainty.","Research on people and animals carries duties of consent and welfare."],"affectedParties":["The public relying on scientific advice","Research participants","Researchers"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns science; 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