{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.pentyl-valerate","code":"thing-q3374901","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q3374901/","name":"pentyl valerate","alternateNames":[],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.1.0-research.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.MAT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"Pentyl valerate, ordinarily understood as n-pentyl pentanoate, is the carboxylic ester of pentanoic acid and pentan-1-ol, with molecular formula C10H20O2.","purpose":"Enable an agent to identify pentyl valerate, assess the condition and suitability of a particular sample, and determine which handling or use decisions require further evidence.","scope":{"in":["Interpretation of pentyl valerate as a specific ester, including resolution of straight-chain versus branched naming","Verified chemical identifiers and evidence linking them to the intended molecular structure","Sample purity, residual reactants, water content, and degradation products","Physical properties and phase behavior under stated conditions","Storage stability, handling hazards, and evidence supporting a proposed use"],"out":["Other pentyl or valerate ester isomers as independent substances","Finished fragrances, flavor formulations, solvents, or other mixtures containing pentyl valerate","Industrial esterification equipment and manufacturing process design","Standalone models of pentanol, valeric acid, or analytical instruments","Jurisdiction-wide chemical regulations beyond their applicability to this substance and a specified use"],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["For the straight-chain interpretation, establish an ester linkage joining a pentanoate group to a pentan-1-yl group; the common name alone does not establish branch positions.","Distinguish pentan-1-yl pentanoate from isopentyl pentanoate and esters of branched five-carbon acids through structure-specific evidence.","Use C10H20O2 as a consistency check for the straight-chain interpretation, while recognizing that the formula cannot distinguish its constitutional isomers.","Differentiate the ester from a mixture of pentanol and pentanoic acid through analytical evidence of ester formation and measurement of remaining reactants.","Distinguish a characterized pentyl valerate sample from a formulated product whose label merely lists pentyl valerate as an ingredient."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"ester-identity","name":"Ester identity","description":"Establishes precisely which alcohol-derived and acid-derived groups the registered name denotes.","layers":[{"id":"name-to-connectivity","name":"Name to connectivity","description":"Resolves the structural meaning of both parts of the common ester name.","findings":[{"id":"pentyl-and-valerate-interpretation","name":"Pentyl and valerate interpretation","description":"Record whether evidence establishes pentan-1-yl pentanoate and explicitly track any unresolved branching or attachment position.","questions":[{"text":"Does the originating registry evidence identify pentan-1-yl pentanoate, or does it leave the pentyl group structurally unspecified?","id":"pentyl-and-valerate-interpretation-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which structural evidence excludes isopentyl pentanoate and esters derived from branched five-carbon acids?","id":"pentyl-and-valerate-interpretation-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"identifier-and-sample-linkage","name":"Identifier and sample linkage","description":"Connects external records and physical samples to the resolved ester structure.","findings":[{"id":"verified-identity-chain","name":"Verified identity chain","description":"Maintain evidence connecting registry identity, external identifiers, supplier designation, and sample identity without relying solely on name matching.","questions":[{"text":"Which read source records establish CAS, PubChem, and EC identifiers for the resolved structure, and do those records agree?","id":"verified-identity-chain-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"What analytical evidence supports assigning this sample to that structure rather than to a same-formula ester isomer?","id":"verified-identity-chain-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]}]},{"id":"sample-composition","name":"Sample composition","description":"Describes the ester content and the impurities that can materially change a sample's suitability.","layers":[{"id":"ester-assay-and-isomers","name":"Ester assay and isomers","description":"Separates quantified target ester from other ester species and unidentified components.","findings":[{"id":"assay-basis","name":"Assay basis","description":"Record target-ester concentration with its measurement basis and the method's ability to distinguish relevant isomers.","questions":[{"text":"Is the reported pentyl valerate purity a calibrated mass fraction, chromatographic area percentage, or another quantity?","id":"assay-basis-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Can the assay resolve likely pentyl or pentanoate isomers, and what evidence identifies the assigned target peak?","id":"assay-basis-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"reactants-water-and-grade","name":"Reactants, water, and grade","description":"Tracks residual alcohol, acid, water, and other constituents against the intended grade.","findings":[{"id":"application-relevant-impurities","name":"Application-relevant impurities","description":"Record measured residual pentanol, pentanoic acid, water, solvents, or additives where relevant, without presuming their presence.","questions":[{"text":"What concentrations of residual pentanol, pentanoic acid, and water were measured, with what detection limits?","id":"application-relevant-impurities-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which documented impurity limits determine acceptance for the proposed use of this batch?","id":"application-relevant-impurities-q02","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"physical-behavior-and-integrity","name":"Physical behavior and integrity","description":"Connects condition-dependent physical properties with evidence that the ester remains chemically intact.","layers":[{"id":"phase-volatility-and-partitioning","name":"Phase, volatility, and partitioning","description":"Records physical behavior needed to interpret observations and plan transfers or formulation.","findings":[{"id":"conditioned-property-evidence","name":"Conditioned property evidence","description":"Associate phase, transition temperatures, density, vapor pressure, and solubility reports with measurement conditions and the resolved ester identity.","questions":[{"text":"Which measured melting or freezing, boiling, density, and vapor-pressure values are available for the resolved structure, and under which conditions?","id":"conditioned-property-evidence-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What measured water solubility or solvent-miscibility evidence supports the intended separation or formulation conditions?","id":"conditioned-property-evidence-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"hydrolysis-and-storage-history","name":"Hydrolysis and storage history","description":"Evaluates whether storage conditions and analytical changes indicate loss of ester integrity.","findings":[{"id":"ester-integrity-assessment","name":"Ester integrity assessment","description":"Assess possible hydrolysis using exposure history and composition measurements; do not infer degradation from acidity alone.","questions":[{"text":"Do changes in ester assay, pentanol, pentanoic acid, and water support hydrolysis, or could the observed composition reflect the original batch?","id":"ester-integrity-assessment-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What evidence establishes suitable moisture, temperature, container, and retest conditions for this grade of pentyl valerate?","id":"ester-integrity-assessment-q02","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"handling-and-use-evidence","name":"Handling and use evidence","description":"Collects the substance-specific evidence needed for handling and for accepting a proposed application.","layers":[{"id":"hazards-and-exposure-controls","name":"Hazards and exposure controls","description":"Links handling decisions to verified records for the correct ester and sample composition.","findings":[{"id":"supported-handling-decisions","name":"Supported handling decisions","description":"Record applicable classifications and measured hazard properties while distinguishing missing evidence from evidence of low hazard.","questions":[{"text":"Which dated safety records apply to the resolved pentyl valerate structure, and what flash-point method and hazard evidence do they report?","id":"supported-handling-decisions-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"What ventilation, ignition controls, protective equipment, and spill measures follow from those records and the planned quantity and temperature?","id":"supported-handling-decisions-q02","kind":"action"},{"text":"Is a substance-specific occupational exposure limit documented for the relevant jurisdiction, or is its status unresolved?","id":"supported-handling-decisions-q03","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"use-and-grade-eligibility","name":"Use and grade eligibility","description":"Distinguishes a proposed function from evidence that the particular substance and grade may serve it.","findings":[{"id":"application-acceptance","name":"Application acceptance","description":"Evaluate any proposed flavor, fragrance, laboratory, or industrial application against identity, grade, performance, and applicable use requirements.","questions":[{"text":"What evidence supports pentyl valerate performing the proposed function at the intended concentration and conditions?","id":"application-acceptance-q01","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which jurisdiction-specific records and grade requirements apply to this exact ester and proposed use?","id":"application-acceptance-q02","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which remaining acceptance decisions concern the finished formulation and therefore belong to its model?","id":"application-acceptance-q03","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"evidence-and-external-alignment","name":"Evidence and external alignment","description":"What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.","layers":[{"id":"reported-evidence","name":"Reported evidence","description":"Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.","findings":[{"id":"evidence-confidence-notes","name":"Check these first","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these check these first hold for the sense of pentyl valerate this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-confidence-notes-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-identifiers","name":"Identifiers and schemes","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of pentyl valerate this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-identifiers-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-real-world-use","name":"Real-world use","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of pentyl valerate this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-real-world-use-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-measurements","name":"Typical measurements","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of pentyl valerate this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-measurements-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards","name":"Failure modes and hazards","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of pentyl valerate this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-neighbours","name":"Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of pentyl valerate this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-neighbours-q01","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Describe pentyl valerate, its fruity odour and its use in flavours and fragrances.","Report hazard and handling information from safety data sheets."],"mustNot":["Advise using it in food or cosmetics outside permitted levels or uses.","Advise storing or using it near open flames or ignition sources.","Present it as a natural extract when it is synthetic, or the reverse."],"requiresHuman":["Approving its use in a food or consumer product formulation."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Flavour labelling must be honest so consumers know what they eat.","It is a flammable liquid that harms workers if mishandled."],"affectedParties":["Consumers","Workers handling it"]},"owners":{"steward":"The operator who holds and uses it; food and chemical regulators control its uses.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["Chemical substance registries"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q109923912","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.pentyl-valerate","Wikidata: Q3374901 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3374901)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["Resolved ester structure: Explicit connectivity, including alcohol attachment position and branching; unresolved if unsupported","Verified identifier mapping: Structure-linked CAS number, PubChem CID, EC number, and source record where available","Pentyl valerate assay: Mass fraction in %, or chromatographic area % explicitly identified as such; method and uncertainty","Residual pentanol and pentanoic acid: Each impurity in mg/kg or mass %, with isomer identity and analytical method","Water content: mg/kg or mass %, with method and sampling date","Observed phase and appearance: Phase, color, clarity, and separate phases at recorded temperature and pressure","Phase-transition measurements: Melting or freezing range in °C; boiling temperature in °C at stated pressure in kPa","Volatility and ignition measurements: Vapor pressure in Pa at stated temperature; flash point in °C with test method","Chemical integrity: Within specification, suspected degradation, confirmed degradation, or unassessed","Applicable hazard and use record: Dated classification, safety data sheet, exposure-limit record, and use-specific authorization linked to jurisdiction and grade"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["A colourless liquid with a strong apple-like smell.","Identified by its container label and analysis."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["Resolve whether a source or sample actually refers to the ester intended by this registry entry.","Compare a sample's assay and impurity profile with requirements for a specified application.","Select identity and condition checks that distinguish isomer substitution, residual reactants, and degradation.","Assess storage and transfer conditions using verified volatility, compatibility, and stability evidence.","Identify missing evidence before accepting a proposed fragrance, flavor, laboratory, or industrial use."]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Flammable liquid and vapour.","Can irritate the eyes and skin."]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006, issued by the European Parliament and Council, establishes REACH requirements applicable to manufacturing, importing and using this substance in the European Union.","Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008, issued by the European Parliament and Council, governs classification, labeling and packaging when this substance is placed on the European Union market."]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Pentyl valerate is encountered in chemical laboratories and fragrance or flavor formulation as an ester with a fruity odor.","Its suitability for a particular use depends on verified identity, purity, impurities and the requirements of that application."]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q3374901: pentyl valerate","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3374901","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Pentyl pentanoate","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentyl_pentanoate","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Does the originating registry record unambiguously denote pentan-1-yl pentanoate, and which verified CAS, PubChem, and EC records correspond to it?","Which primary measurements establish phase-transition temperatures, density, vapor pressure, water solubility, and flash point for the resolved structure?","Which analytical methods reliably distinguish the target ester from relevant isomers and quantify residual pentanol, pentanoic acid, and water?","What stability evidence supports storage conditions, retest intervals, and interpretation of possible hydrolysis for available grades?","Which current hazard classifications, exposure limits, and use-specific permissions apply in the intended jurisdiction, particularly if flavor or fragrance use is proposed?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q3374901/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q3374901/spec.json"],"providers":["Codex"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T11:59:37Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:30+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}