{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.bronze","code":"thing-q34095","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q34095/","name":"bronze","alternateNames":["bearing bronze","Bronze (.980 Cu, .005 Sn, .015 Zn)","Aluminium-bronze (90% Copper, 8% Aluminium, 2% Zinc)","Aluminium-nickel-bronze","Aluminium-bronze (92% Copper, 6% Aluminum, 2% Nickel)","Aluminium-bronze (88.4% Copper, 5% Aluminum, 5% Nickel, 0.6% Manganese)","Aluminium-bronze (91.5% Copper, 8.5% Aluminum)","Aluminium-bronze (Cu884 Ni50 Al50 Fe10 Mn6)","Bronze (97% Copper, 0.5% Tin, 2.5% Zinc)","sintered bronze","bell metal","nickel bronze"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.4","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.MAT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"An alloy of copper and tin, sometimes with additional elements such as aluminium, nickel, zinc or lead, harder and more durable than pure copper and easier to cast, used since the Bronze Age for tools, weapons, bells, statues, coins and bearings; named types such as bearing bronze fall within this sense when they contain copper and tin, while copper alloys without tin, including aluminium-bronze compositions without tin, fall outside it. Bronze gave its name to a period of prehistory and remains important for sculpture, marine fittings and machinery. Some bronzes contain lead, a health consideration for certain uses, and antique bronzes are conserved as heritage.","purpose":"Let an agent explain bronze, relay its composition, types, history and uses from metallurgy and archaeology sources, describe the named types, note lead considerations, and distinguish bronze from brass, pure copper, other alloys and the Bronze Age as a period.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Copper-tin alloy","Hard and castable","Ancient and modern use","Named the Bronze Age"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What bronze is.","layers":[{"id":"definition","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","findings":[{"id":"definition-finding","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","questions":[{"text":"What is bronze, and how does it differ from brass, pure copper, other alloys and the Bronze Age period?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is a bronze item used for food or by children, where leaded bronze is a health consideration?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"types","name":"Types","description":"Named types.","findings":[{"id":"types-finding","name":"Types","description":"Types.","questions":[{"text":"What are bearing bronze, aluminium-bronze and other compositions?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific type?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"metallurgy","name":"Metallurgy","description":"Metallurgy.","layers":[{"id":"composition","name":"Composition","description":"Composition.","findings":[{"id":"composition-finding","name":"Composition","description":"Composition.","questions":[{"text":"How do added elements change bronze properties?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"casting","name":"Casting","description":"Casting.","findings":[{"id":"casting-finding","name":"Casting","description":"Casting.","questions":[{"text":"Why is bronze well suited to casting?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History.","layers":[{"id":"bronzeage","name":"Bronze Age","description":"The Bronze Age.","findings":[{"id":"bronzeage-finding","name":"Bronze Age","description":"Bronze Age.","questions":[{"text":"How did bronze define the Bronze Age?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits Bronze Age?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"art","name":"Art","description":"Bronze sculpture.","findings":[{"id":"art-finding","name":"Art","description":"Art.","questions":[{"text":"How is bronze used for statues and bells?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the information accurate?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"Uses.","layers":[{"id":"modern","name":"Modern","description":"Modern uses.","findings":[{"id":"modern-finding","name":"Modern","description":"Modern.","questions":[{"text":"How is bronze used for bearings and marine fittings?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the information current?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"lead","name":"Lead","description":"Lead considerations.","findings":[{"id":"lead-finding","name":"Lead","description":"Lead.","questions":[{"text":"Why is lead in some bronzes a health consideration?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the presentation neutral and attributed?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Identify bronze objects and describe their composition and history.","Advise on care and conservation of bronze following conservators' guidance.","Distinguish bronze from brass and from copper."],"mustNot":["Cut, melt or clean historic bronzes without a conservator's decision.","Expose people to lead from leaded bronze through grinding or casting without protection.","Help trade in bronze antiquities of unclear or looted provenance.","Misstate an alloy's composition when it is used in food, water or safety parts."],"requiresHuman":["Treating bronze disease or restoring a valued bronze object.","Melting down or scrapping bronze that may have heritage value."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Bronze artefacts hold the history of many cultures and are targets of looting and theft.","Theft of bronze statues and plaques for scrap destroys public heritage."],"affectedParties":["Communities whose heritage is in bronze","Foundry workers","Museums and owners"]},"owners":{"steward":"The person or institution that holds a bronze object.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q21685333","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q518350","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"copper alloy","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"brass","type":"related"},{"target":"copper","type":"related"},{"target":"Bronze Age","type":"related"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.bronze","Wikidata: Q34095 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34095)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["base: copper with tin and other elements note","Bronze Age: a prehistoric period note","registry parents: copper-based alloy, sculpture material note"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Bronze in this sense is an alloy of copper and tin.","Bearing bronze and other named compositions fall within this sense only when they contain copper and tin.","Aluminium-bronze compositions without tin fall outside this sense.","Brass is copper with zinc, pure copper is softer, other alloys use different metals, and the Bronze Age is a historical period.","A hard golden-brown to reddish metal, often cast into tools, statues or fittings."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain composition and types","relay history and uses","describe named types","note lead considerations"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Lead exposure from leaded bronzes","Confusing bronze and brass","Corrosion in some environments"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Alloy composition standards","Restrictions on lead in some uses","Heritage conservation for antique bronzes"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["A durable copper alloy for casting and construction.","tin bronze","aluminium bronze","bearing bronze","bell and statuary bronze"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q34095: bronze","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34095","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Bronze","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should aluminium bronze be a separate entry?","How should the Bronze Age be linked?","How should conservation be documented?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q34095/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q34095/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-14T03:18:27Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:30+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}