{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.perspiration","code":"thing-q3503092","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q3503092/","name":"perspiration","alternateNames":["stress-induced sweat","sweat of palm","sweat of axilla","sweat of scrotum"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.3","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.LIV"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"The fluid secreted by sweat glands in the skin, composed mostly of water with sodium chloride, urea, lactate and other solutes, produced by eccrine glands over most of the body for thermoregulation and by apocrine glands in the axilla, groin and scrotum in response to stress and emotion, with palmar and plantar sweating linked to arousal; sweating cools the body by evaporation, and abnormal sweating is a symptom in several conditions.","purpose":"Let an agent explain perspiration and its physiology, relay composition, kinds and roles from physiological sources, describe abnormal sweating in general terms, and route personal concerns to clinicians.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Evaporative cooling","Two gland types","Emotional and thermal triggers","Salt loss"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What perspiration is.","layers":[{"id":"definition","name":"Definition","description":"Definition and composition.","findings":[{"id":"definition-finding","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","questions":[{"text":"What is sweat, what is it made of, and how do eccrine and apocrine sweat differ?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the question about sweat or another skin secretion?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"triggers","name":"Triggers","description":"Triggers.","findings":[{"id":"triggers-finding","name":"Triggers","description":"Triggers.","questions":[{"text":"How do heat, exercise, stress and emotion trigger sweating, including palms and axillae?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits sweat gland?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"physiology","name":"Physiology","description":"Physiology.","layers":[{"id":"cooling","name":"Cooling","description":"Thermoregulation.","findings":[{"id":"cooling-finding","name":"Cooling","description":"Cooling.","questions":[{"text":"How does evaporative cooling work, and how does acclimatisation change sweating?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"balance","name":"Balance","description":"Fluid and salt balance.","findings":[{"id":"balance-finding","name":"Balance","description":"Balance.","questions":[{"text":"How does sweating affect hydration and electrolytes, and what do sport science guidelines advise in general terms?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits heat illness?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"clinical","name":"Clinical","description":"Clinical.","layers":[{"id":"abnormal","name":"Abnormal","description":"Abnormal sweating.","findings":[{"id":"abnormal-finding","name":"Abnormal","description":"Abnormal.","questions":[{"text":"What are hyperhidrosis, anhidrosis and night sweats, in general terms?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the user describing a symptom, which needs a clinician?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"tests","name":"Tests","description":"Sweat tests.","findings":[{"id":"tests-finding","name":"Tests","description":"Tests.","questions":[{"text":"How is sweat used in diagnosis, such as the cystic fibrosis sweat test?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"Culture and products.","layers":[{"id":"products","name":"Products","description":"Deodorants and antiperspirants.","findings":[{"id":"products-finding","name":"Products","description":"Products.","questions":[{"text":"How do antiperspirants and deodorants work, and how are they regulated?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits antiperspirant?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"culture","name":"Culture","description":"Culture.","findings":[{"id":"culture-finding","name":"Culture","description":"Culture.","questions":[{"text":"How do cultures view sweating, from saunas to body odour norms?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits sauna?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Explain how sweating regulates body temperature and what affects it.","Advise on hydration and heat safety from public health guidance.","Encourage a person with sudden changes in sweating or heat illness signs to seek medical care."],"mustNot":["Give personal diagnosis or treatment advice for sweating disorders in place of a clinician.","Analyse a person's sweat or body odour data without their consent.","Shame a person for how much they sweat or how they smell.","Present antiperspirant or treatment claims as medically proven without evidence."],"requiresHuman":["Any clinical treatment for excessive sweating.","Using sweat-based biometric or drug-test data about a person."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Visible sweating and body odour are sources of shame and social exclusion, especially for teenagers.","Failure to sweat in heat is a medical emergency, and heat deaths are rising."],"affectedParties":["People with sweating disorders","Outdoor workers in heat","Teenagers"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns it; the treating clinician answers for care of a sweating disorder.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q112826975","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q12334861","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q1383944","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q185557","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"secretion","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"excrement","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"particular anatomical entity","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"sweat gland","type":"related","note":"in the skin"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.perspiration","Wikidata: Q3503092 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503092)","MeSH: D013542 sweat"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["water content: about 99 percent","maximum sweat rate: about 2-4 litres per hour - acclimatised adults","sodium concentration: about 20-80 mmol/L - varies"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Sweat gland secretion","Eccrine thermal sweat, apocrine sweat of axilla and scrotum, stress and palm sweat","Sebum is an oily skin secretion; tears and saliva are other secretions","Clear salty fluid on the skin."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain physiology","relay composition and kinds","describe abnormal sweating","route personal concerns"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Dehydration and heat illness from excessive sweating","Agents giving personal medical advice","Confusing sweat with other secretions"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Clinical guidelines on hyperhidrosis","Occupational heat stress standards","Sweat testing standards for cystic fibrosis diagnosis"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Cooling the body and responding to stress.","eccrine thermoregulatory sweat","apocrine sweat of the axilla, groin and scrotum","emotional and stress-induced sweat","palmar and plantar sweat","gustatory sweating","abnormal sweating: hyperhidrosis and anhidrosis"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q3503092: perspiration","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503092","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Perspiration","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perspiration","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should hyperhidrosis and sweat gland be the primary linked entries?","How should physiological references be linked?","The registry entry has merged aliases naming sites and triggers; should they be split off?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q3503092/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q3503092/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-13T02:38:36Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:51:59+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}