{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.ancient-greek","code":"thing-q35497","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q35497/","name":"Ancient Greek","alternateNames":["Yevanic","Classical Greek","New Ancient Greek","Ancient Greek dialects","Attic Greek"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.4","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Information and virtual systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"INF","domain":["INF.MED"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"The form of the Greek language used in ancient Greece from roughly the ninth century BC to the end of antiquity, encompassing dialects the registry aliases name such as Attic, the prestige dialect of classical Athens, and Classical Greek; Ancient Greek is the language of Homer, classical literature, philosophy and the New Testament in its Koine form, and it strongly influenced later languages and scientific vocabulary. It is studied as a classical language, is distinct from Modern Greek though ancestral to it, and its dialects and periods are distinguished by scholars.","purpose":"Let an agent explain Ancient Greek, relay its periods, dialects, literature and influence from classics and linguistics sources, describe the named dialects, and distinguish Ancient Greek from Modern Greek, Koine as a stage, Mycenaean Greek and Latin.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Classical language","Several dialects","Rich literature","Ancestral to Modern Greek"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What Ancient Greek is.","layers":[{"id":"definition","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","findings":[{"id":"definition-finding","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","questions":[{"text":"What is Ancient Greek, and how does it differ from Modern Greek, Koine, Mycenaean Greek and Latin?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the question about a dialect, period or the literature?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"dialects","name":"Dialects","description":"Named dialects.","findings":[{"id":"dialects-finding","name":"Dialects","description":"Dialects.","questions":[{"text":"What are Attic, Classical and Judaeo-Greek?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific dialect?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"language","name":"Language","description":"Language.","layers":[{"id":"periods","name":"Periods","description":"Periods and dialects.","findings":[{"id":"periods-finding","name":"Periods","description":"Periods.","questions":[{"text":"How are the periods and dialects of Ancient Greek distinguished?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"koine","name":"Koine","description":"Koine Greek.","findings":[{"id":"koine-finding","name":"Koine","description":"Koine.","questions":[{"text":"What was Koine Greek and its role?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits Koine Greek?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"literature","name":"Literature","description":"Literature.","layers":[{"id":"classics","name":"Classics","description":"Classical literature.","findings":[{"id":"classics-finding","name":"Classics","description":"Classics.","questions":[{"text":"What major works are in Ancient Greek?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"newtestament","name":"New Testament","description":"Koine New Testament.","findings":[{"id":"newtestament-finding","name":"New Testament","description":"New Testament.","questions":[{"text":"Why is the New Testament written in Koine Greek?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the information accurate?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"Influence.","layers":[{"id":"influence","name":"Influence","description":"Influence.","findings":[{"id":"influence-finding","name":"Influence","description":"Influence.","questions":[{"text":"How did Ancient Greek influence later languages and scientific vocabulary?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits Greek loanwords?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"modern","name":"Modern","description":"Relation to Modern Greek.","findings":[{"id":"modern-finding","name":"Modern","description":"Modern.","questions":[{"text":"How does Ancient Greek relate to Modern Greek?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the presentation neutral and attributed?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Translate and explain Ancient Greek texts, naming the dialect and period.","Distinguish Ancient Greek from Modern Greek and from Koine.","Point to established editions for authoritative texts."],"mustNot":["Present a speculative translation as the settled meaning of a text.","Attribute quotations to ancient authors without a source.","Read modern meanings into ancient words anachronistically when it matters to the argument.","Use Ancient Greek heritage to support claims that one modern people is superior."],"requiresHuman":["Publishing a translation of a religious or legally significant ancient text."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Ancient Greek texts underpin religious, philosophical and national identities.","Misquoted classical sources spread easily and lend false authority."],"affectedParties":["Readers and students","Modern Greek speakers","Religious communities using ancient texts"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody: a language held in common; libraries and editors keep its texts.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q2042538","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Hellenic languages","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"Modern Greek","type":"related"},{"target":"Koine Greek","type":"related","note":"a stage"},{"target":"Mycenaean Greek","type":"related"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.ancient-greek","Wikidata: Q35497 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35497)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":["period: about 9th century BC to late antiquity note","key dialect: Attic note - classical Athens","registry parent: Hellenic note"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Greek language of antiquity","Yevanic, Classical Greek, New Ancient Greek, Ancient Greek dialects, Attic Greek","Modern Greek is the living descendant; Koine is a later stage; Mycenaean Greek is earlier; Latin is a separate classical language","Not a physical object; written in the Greek alphabet in ancient texts."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain periods and dialects","relay literature and influence","describe named dialects","distinguish related languages"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Confusing Ancient and Modern Greek","Confusing dialects and periods","Anachronistic pronunciation claims"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Classical language teaching standards"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["The classical Greek language of antiquity.","Attic and Ionic","Doric and Aeolic","Koine Greek","Judaeo-Greek or Yevanic"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q35497: Ancient Greek","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35497","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Ancient Greek","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greek","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should Koine be a separate entry?","How should dialects be documented?","How should influence on scientific vocabulary be linked?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q35497/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q35497/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-14T03:18:27Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:30+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane INF: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}