{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.glacier","code":"thing-q35666","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q35666/","name":"glacier","alternateNames":["icefall","tropical glacier","kalter Glacier","glacieret","tidewater glacier","regenerated glacier","Glacieret","piedmont glacier","Glaciers of Alaska","ice dome","ice tongue","ice stream"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.PLC"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A persistent body of dense ice that forms from compacted snow and moves under its own weight, including valley glaciers, ice caps and tidewater glaciers; most glaciers are currently losing mass.","purpose":"Let an agent handle glaciers by name, type, size, change over time, hazards and visiting safety, with sourced monitoring data.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Moving ice mass","Formed from compacted snow","Sensitive to climate","Source of hazards and water"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"identity","name":"Identity","description":"Which glacier.","layers":[{"id":"name","name":"Name","description":"Glacier.","findings":[{"id":"name-finding","name":"Name","description":"Glacier identity.","questions":[{"text":"Which glacier is meant, and where?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"What is its inventory ID?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"type","name":"Type","description":"Form.","findings":[{"id":"type-finding","name":"Type","description":"Glacier type.","questions":[{"text":"What type of glacier is it?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"How does it move?","kind":"definition"}]}]}]},{"id":"change","name":"Change","description":"Monitoring.","layers":[{"id":"mass","name":"Mass balance","description":"Data.","findings":[{"id":"mass-finding","name":"Mass balance","description":"Mass balance.","questions":[{"text":"How has its mass or length changed, according to monitoring data?","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Over which period?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"projections","name":"Projections","description":"Future.","findings":[{"id":"projections-finding","name":"Projections","description":"Projections.","questions":[{"text":"What do studies project for this glacier?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"How uncertain are they?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"hazards","name":"Hazards","description":"Risks.","layers":[{"id":"crevasses","name":"Crevasses","description":"Travel.","findings":[{"id":"crevasses-finding","name":"Crevasses","description":"Crevasse danger.","questions":[{"text":"Is it safe to walk on this glacier without a qualified guide?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"What equipment and training are required?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"floods","name":"Floods","description":"Outburst floods.","findings":[{"id":"floods-finding","name":"Floods","description":"Outburst floods.","questions":[{"text":"Is there a glacial lake outburst flood risk here?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which authority issues warnings?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"visiting","name":"Visiting","description":"Tourism.","layers":[{"id":"access","name":"Access","description":"Viewpoints.","findings":[{"id":"access-finding","name":"Access","description":"Access.","questions":[{"text":"Where are safe viewpoints and trails?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Are there closures?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"rescue","name":"Rescue","description":"Emergencies.","findings":[{"id":"rescue-finding","name":"Rescue","description":"Mountain rescue.","questions":[{"text":"How can mountain rescue be contacted?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"What information should be given?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Report a glacier's extent, retreat and monitoring data from published glaciological sources.","Pass on route, access and hazard information from the local mountain authority.","Insist that glacier travel needs trained guides and equipment."],"mustNot":["Direct anyone onto a glacier without a guide, roped travel and crevasse rescue skills.","Advise approaching a glacier front, ice cave or meltwater channel where collapse is possible.","Downplay glacial lake outburst flood risk to communities downstream.","Present modelled retreat figures as measurements, or dismiss observed retreat."],"requiresHuman":["Any decision to travel on or near a glacier.","Any warning to communities downstream about flood risk."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Crevasses, ice collapse and outburst floods kill walkers and whole villages downstream.","Glacier loss removes the water supply that millions of people depend on."],"affectedParties":["Walkers and climbers","Communities downstream","Researchers and guides"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns the ice; the state governs the land, and monitoring services keep the records.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["World glacier monitoring inventories","National hydrological records"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q106589819","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q3748258","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q59674586","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"perennial ice cover","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"ice sheet","type":"related","note":"larger form"},{"target":"river","type":"related","note":"hydrology"},{"target":"World Glacier Monitoring Service","type":"related","note":"programme"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.glacier","Wikidata: Q35666 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35666)","GLIMS ID: glacier inventory code inventory"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["Surface area:  km2 - Measure the mapped ice extent at a stated observation date.","Ice thickness:  m - Measure the distance between the glacier surface and its bed using radar or borehole observations.","Surface flow speed:  m/year - Measure surface displacement over a stated interval using surveyed markers or repeated imagery.","Ice volume:  km3 - Estimate volume by integrating measured or modeled ice thickness across the mapped glacier area."]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Crevasses and moraines","Valley, tidewater and cirque glaciers","Snowfields do not flow like glaciers","Rivers or sheets of white and blue ice with crevasses, moraines and meltwater."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["find glacier data from monitoring programmes","explain glacier types and movement","understand hazards such as crevasses and outburst floods","plan safe visits with guides"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Crevasse falls","Glacial lake outburst floods","Ice collapse at glacier fronts"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Protected area rules","Mountain guide qualifications"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Water storage, climate records and landscapes.","valley glaciers","cirque glaciers","ice caps","tidewater glaciers","tropical glaciers"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q35666: glacier","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35666","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Glacier","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacier","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should each glacier be a separate entry?","How should GLIMS data be linked?","How should mass balance data be shown?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q35666/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q35666/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-11T09:54:47Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:30+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}