{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.soil","code":"thing-q36133","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q36133/","name":"soil","alternateNames":["eluvium","urban soil","bay mud","Cover loam","Spermosphere","histosol","rural land (Portugal)","lunar soil","Catena","buried soil","peaty meadow soil","Mollisol"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.MAT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"The upper layer of the Earth surface made of mineral particles, organic matter, water, air and living organisms, formed by weathering and biological activity, and classified into types such as histosols, loams and urban soils.","purpose":"Let an agent handle soil by type, properties, health, use, contamination and protection.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Living, layered mixture","Forms very slowly","Varies by climate, rock and time","Can be eroded or contaminated"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"type","name":"Type","description":"Which soil.","layers":[{"id":"class","name":"Class","description":"WRB or USDA.","findings":[{"id":"class-finding","name":"Class","description":"Soil type.","questions":[{"text":"What soil type is it, under which classification?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"What is its texture?","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"profile","name":"Profile","description":"Horizons.","findings":[{"id":"profile-finding","name":"Profile","description":"Soil profile.","questions":[{"text":"What horizons does the profile show?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"How deep is it?","kind":"measurement"}]}]}]},{"id":"properties","name":"Properties","description":"Testing.","layers":[{"id":"chemistry","name":"Chemistry","description":"pH and nutrients.","findings":[{"id":"chemistry-finding","name":"Chemistry","description":"Soil chemistry.","questions":[{"text":"What are its pH and nutrient levels?","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"From which lab?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"organic","name":"Organic matter","description":"Carbon.","findings":[{"id":"organic-finding","name":"Organic","description":"Organic matter.","questions":[{"text":"How much organic carbon does it hold?","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Is it changing?","kind":"measurement"}]}]}]},{"id":"management","name":"Management","description":"Soil health.","layers":[{"id":"health","name":"Health","description":"Practices.","findings":[{"id":"health-finding","name":"Health","description":"Soil health.","questions":[{"text":"Which practices improve soil health here?","kind":"action"},{"text":"What evidence supports them?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"erosion","name":"Erosion","description":"Protection.","findings":[{"id":"erosion-finding","name":"Erosion","description":"Erosion control.","questions":[{"text":"Is the soil at risk of erosion or compaction?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"How can it be protected?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"contamination","name":"Contamination","description":"Pollution.","layers":[{"id":"assessment","name":"Assessment","description":"Testing.","findings":[{"id":"assessment-finding","name":"Assessment","description":"Contamination assessment.","questions":[{"text":"Could the soil be contaminated, for example on former industrial land?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Who should test it?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"gardening","name":"Gardening","description":"Food growing.","findings":[{"id":"gardening-finding","name":"Gardening","description":"Growing food.","questions":[{"text":"Is it safe to grow food in this soil?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"What precautions help?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Report soil type, condition and test results from surveys and sampling it is authorized to do.","Advise on erosion control and soil care using recognised guidance."],"mustNot":["Dump waste, fuel or chemicals onto or into soil.","Disturb soil on land it has no permission to work, including protected or archaeological sites.","Hide or misreport evidence of soil contamination.","Move contaminated soil to a site not authorized to receive it."],"requiresHuman":["Excavating or removing soil from a site.","Declaring land safe for growing food or for housing after contamination."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Soil takes centuries to form and can be lost or poisoned in a season.","Contaminated soil harms the people who grow food or live on it, often poorer communities."],"affectedParties":["Farmers and land users","People living on or near the land","Soil organisms and ecosystems"]},"owners":{"steward":"The landowner or occupier; environmental and agricultural authorities oversee protection.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["Soil survey and soil information databases","Contaminated land registers"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q106865236","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q1155083","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q11780457","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q1783121","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q206615","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"natural system and granular material","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"plant and agriculture","type":"related","note":"function"},{"target":"erosion","type":"related","note":"process"},{"target":"World Reference Base","type":"related","note":"scheme"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.soil","Wikidata: Q36133 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36133)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["Dry bulk density:  kg/m3 - Measure dry soil mass per undisturbed bulk volume, including pore space.","Particle size distribution:  % by dry mass - Measure mineral particle fractions by sieving and sedimentation or another documented method, specifying the size classification used.","Volumetric water content:  m3/m3 - Measure water volume relative to total soil volume using a calibrated sensor or gravimetric measurements with bulk density.","Porosity:  % - Determine the proportion of bulk volume occupied by pores from measured bulk and particle densities or a suitable direct method."]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Texture: sand, silt, clay, loam","Horizons in a soil profile","Classification such as WRB or USDA","Layers of brown, black, red or grey material with roots and organisms."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["test soil properties","improve soil health","prevent erosion","assess contamination"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Erosion and compaction","Contamination from industry","Loss of organic carbon"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["EU Soil Monitoring Law","Contaminated land regimes","ISO soil quality test standards"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Growing plants and food, storing carbon and water, supporting ecosystems and foundations.","mineral soils","organic soils such as histosols","agricultural soils","urban and made-ground soils","soil types under WRB"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q36133: soil","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36133","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Soil","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should soil types be separate entries?","How should soil maps be linked?","How should soil health indicators be recorded?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q36133/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q36133/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-11T08:23:30Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:30+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}