{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.ion","code":"thing-q36496","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q36496/","name":"ion","alternateNames":["non-coordinating anion","polyatomic ion","squarate","bistriflimide","polyatomic anion","polyatomic cation","polystyrene sulfonate","Malvidin 3-(6''-p-coumarylglucoside)","peonidin-3-O-(6-O-trans-p-coumaryl-beta-D-glucoside)","malvidin 3-O-{6-O-[(E)-caffeoyl]-beta-D-glucoside}","delphinidin 3-O-rutinoside-7-O-beta-D-glucoside","petunidin 3-(6''-acetylglucoside)"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.2","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.OBJ"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"An atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to loss or gain of electrons, positively charged cations or negatively charged anions, including monatomic ions such as sodium and chloride and polyatomic ions such as sulfate, ammonium and bistriflimide; ions form ionic compounds, conduct electricity in solutions and plasmas, and are central to chemistry, biology and materials.","purpose":"Let an agent explain ions and their formation, naming and behaviour, support chemistry problem solving, and relate ions to biology, materials and technology.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Net charge","Formed by electron transfer","Monatomic or polyatomic","Electrically conductive in solution"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"basics","name":"Basics","description":"What ions are.","layers":[{"id":"formation","name":"Formation","description":"How ions form.","findings":[{"id":"formation-finding","name":"Formation","description":"Formation.","questions":[{"text":"How does this atom or molecule become an ion, and what charge does it carry?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Why do elements form the ions they do?","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"naming","name":"Naming","description":"Names and formulas.","findings":[{"id":"naming-finding","name":"Naming","description":"Naming.","questions":[{"text":"What is the correct name and formula of this ion under IUPAC rules?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"How are polyatomic ions named?","kind":"definition"}]}]}]},{"id":"chemistry","name":"Chemistry","description":"Ions in reactions.","layers":[{"id":"solutions","name":"Solutions","description":"Ions in solution.","findings":[{"id":"solutions-finding","name":"Solutions","description":"Solutions.","questions":[{"text":"How do ions behave in solution, and how do they conduct electricity?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"How are ionic equations written?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"compounds","name":"Compounds","description":"Ionic compounds.","findings":[{"id":"compounds-finding","name":"Compounds","description":"Ionic compounds.","questions":[{"text":"How do ions combine into ionic compounds, and what properties result?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"What are non-coordinating anions used for?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"biology","name":"Biology","description":"Ions in life.","layers":[{"id":"cells","name":"Cells","description":"Ions in cells.","findings":[{"id":"cells-finding","name":"Cells","description":"Cells.","questions":[{"text":"What roles do sodium, potassium, calcium and chloride ions play in cells and nerves?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"How are ion gradients maintained?","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"claims","name":"Claims","description":"Health claims.","findings":[{"id":"claims-finding","name":"Claims","description":"Health claims.","questions":[{"text":"Is this claim about ions, such as negative ion products, supported by evidence?","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"What do regulators say?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"technology","name":"Technology","description":"Applications.","layers":[{"id":"batteries","name":"Batteries","description":"Batteries and plating.","findings":[{"id":"batteries-finding","name":"Batteries","description":"Batteries.","questions":[{"text":"How do ions move in batteries, electroplating and electrolysis?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which ions are used in lithium-ion cells?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"plasma","name":"Plasma","description":"Ions in plasmas and space.","findings":[{"id":"plasma-finding","name":"Plasma","description":"Plasmas.","questions":[{"text":"How do ions behave in plasmas, ion thrusters and mass spectrometers?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"How can ions be taught?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["State the charge, formula and name of an ion from authoritative chemistry references.","Distinguish cations from anions and ions from isotopes and free radicals."],"mustNot":["Give a wrong charge or formula for an ion in teaching, labelling or safety material.","Present ionized air, water or jewellery as having health benefits without evidence.","Mix up an ion with the neutral element, such as sodium ions with sodium metal, in safety advice.","Help market an ion product with medical claims that regulators have not accepted."],"requiresHuman":["Advising a person on electrolyte levels in their own blood or diet."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Ion chemistry underpins medicine and water safety; errors in it can mislead people about real risks.","Health products are sold on vague talk of ions, exploiting trust in science."],"affectedParties":["Students and learners","Consumers of health products","Patients"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns the concept; chemistry bodies maintain its naming and notation.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q2393187","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q587553","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"charged particle","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"molecular entity","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"cellular transport","type":"related","note":"ion transport"},{"target":"conductance","type":"related","note":"ionic conduction"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.ion","Wikidata: Q36496 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36496)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["Electric charge:  C - Determine charge from the imbalance between proton and electron counts, with its sign indicating a cation or anion.","Ion mass:  u - Determine mass from isotopic composition or mass spectrometry with the charge state identified.","Ionic mobility:  m2/(V s) - Measure drift velocity per applied electric field and specify the surrounding medium and temperature."]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Net electric charge","Cations and anions","Neutral atoms and molecules have no net charge","Not visible; charged particles inferred from behaviour."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain ion formation and charge","name and write formulas for ions","explain ions in solutions and biology","describe applications such as batteries and plasmas"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Wrong charges and formulas","Confusing ions with isotopes or radicals","Unsupported health claims about ions"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["IUPAC nomenclature for ions","No regulation of ions as such"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Chemistry, biology and materials science.","monatomic cations and anions","polyatomic ions","complex and coordination ions","non-coordinating anions","ions in plasmas"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q36496: ion","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36496","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Ion","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should each common ion be a separate entry?","How should nomenclature resources be linked?","How should health claims be assessed?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q36496/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q36496/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-11T20:12:02Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:30+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}