{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.persea-americana","code":"thing-q37153","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q37153/","name":"Persea americana","alternateNames":["Reed avocado"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.4","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.LIV"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"The avocado tree, Persea americana, an evergreen tree of the laurel family native to Mexico and Central America, grown for its oily, nutrient-rich fruit, with cultivars grouped into Mexican, Guatemalan and West Indian races, including Hass, the dominant commercial cultivar, and Reed, a large round summer-ripening cultivar; avocado production has expanded rapidly, with debates about water use and land conversion in producing regions.","purpose":"Let an agent explain the avocado tree and fruit, relay botany, cultivars, cultivation and trade from horticultural sources, describe the Reed cultivar, and distinguish avocado from other Persea species and from the fruit as food product, presenting environmental and social debates with attribution.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Oil-rich fruit","Three horticultural races","Grafted cultivars","Rapid market growth"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What the avocado tree is.","layers":[{"id":"definition","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","findings":[{"id":"definition-finding","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","questions":[{"text":"What is Persea americana, and how does it differ from other Persea species and the fruit as food?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the question about botany, cultivars, farming, nutrition or trade debates?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"cultivars","name":"Cultivars","description":"Races and cultivars.","findings":[{"id":"cultivars-finding","name":"Cultivars","description":"Cultivars.","questions":[{"text":"What are the Mexican, Guatemalan and West Indian races and the Hass and Reed cultivars?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific cultivar?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"cultivation","name":"Cultivation","description":"Cultivation.","layers":[{"id":"growing","name":"Growing","description":"Growing.","findings":[{"id":"growing-finding","name":"Growing","description":"Growing.","questions":[{"text":"How are avocados grafted, grown and harvested?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"ripening","name":"Ripening","description":"Ripening.","findings":[{"id":"ripening-finding","name":"Ripening","description":"Ripening.","questions":[{"text":"Why do avocados ripen only after picking?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"trade","name":"Trade","description":"Trade and debates.","layers":[{"id":"markets","name":"Markets","description":"Markets.","findings":[{"id":"markets-finding","name":"Markets","description":"Markets.","questions":[{"text":"How has global avocado trade grown, and which countries produce most?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits avocado production in Mexico?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"debates","name":"Debates","description":"Environmental and social debates.","findings":[{"id":"debates-finding","name":"Debates","description":"Debates.","questions":[{"text":"What do studies and reports say about water use, deforestation and security issues in producing regions, with positions attributed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the presentation neutral?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"History and food.","layers":[{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History.","findings":[{"id":"history-finding","name":"History","description":"History.","questions":[{"text":"How was the avocado domesticated in Mesoamerica?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits Mesoamerican agriculture?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"food","name":"Food","description":"Food.","findings":[{"id":"food-finding","name":"Food","description":"Food.","questions":[{"text":"How is avocado used in cuisines, such as guacamole?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits guacamole?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Describe the avocado tree, its cultivars and uses from horticultural sources.","Note that avocado leaves and other parts are toxic to some animals."],"mustNot":["Feed avocado leaves, fruit or pits to animals for which they are toxic, such as birds.","Take a partisan side on water or land use debates while presenting it as fact.","Confuse cultivars such as Hass and Reed.","Make unsupported health claims about avocado."],"requiresHuman":["Choosing to plant orchards where water is scarce."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Rapid expansion of avocado growing has strained water supplies in some regions.","Organised crime has preyed on avocado growers in some areas."],"affectedParties":["Growers and farm workers","Communities sharing water","Pets and livestock"]},"owners":{"steward":"The grower who cultivates it; nobody owns the species.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["Botanical name databases","National plant variety registers"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q11992872","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"useful plant","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"Lauraceae","type":"related"},{"target":"avocado","type":"related","note":"the fruit"},{"target":"Hass avocado","type":"related"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.persea-americana","Wikidata: Q37153 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37153)","GBIF: 3034050 Persea americana","ITIS: 18154 Persea americana"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["world production: about 9 million tonnes - 2020s","largest producer: Mexico note","Hass patented: 1935 year","Reed cultivar: selected in California, 1948 note"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Tree bearing avocado fruit","Hass, Reed, Fuerte cultivars; Mexican, Guatemalan and West Indian races","Other Persea species are wild relatives; the fruit is the food product","A tree with glossy leaves bearing green to purple-black pear-shaped or round fruits."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain botany and cultivars","relay cultivation and trade","describe debates with attribution","distinguish related plants"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Toxicity of leaves to some animals","Partisan framing of environmental debates","Confusing cultivars"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Phytosanitary and export regulations","Deforestation and water use rules in producing regions"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Food.","Mexican race","Guatemalan race including Reed","West Indian race","Hass and other hybrids","rootstocks"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q37153: Persea americana","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37153","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Avocado","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avocado","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should the Reed cultivar be a separate entry?","How should horticultural sources be linked?","How should environmental debates be presented?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q37153/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q37153/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-13T19:00:33Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:51:59+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}