{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.eskolaite","code":"thing-q3732995","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q3732995/","name":"eskolaite","alternateNames":[],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.1.0-research.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.MAT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"Eskolaite is a naturally occurring chromium(III) oxide mineral, ideally Cr₂O₃, with a trigonal crystal structure of the corundum type.","purpose":"Enable an agent to identify eskolaite, assess the evidence and condition of a specimen, and select appropriate examination or handling actions.","scope":{"in":["Mineral identity supported by composition and crystal structure","Chemical substitutions, inclusions and eskolaite phase abundance","Grain morphology and diagnostic physical observations","Natural occurrence, host relationships and specimen provenance","Condition, sampling suitability and evidence needed for handling decisions"],"out":["Commercial chromium(III) oxide pigment formulations and product grades","Chromium extraction, refining and industrial synthesis processes","Complete models of associated minerals and host rocks","Deposit economics, resource estimates and mining operations","General chromium toxicology and jurisdictional chemical regulation"],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Require composition consistent with Cr2O3 together with a matching crystal structure; chromium detection alone does not establish eskolaite.","Distinguish eskolaite from chromite using phase-resolved chemistry and diffraction, rather than dark appearance or chromium content.","Distinguish it from chromium-bearing corundum and hematite by measured composition; a related structural framework alone is insufficient.","Treat black-to-dark-green colour, pale-green streak and hardness near Mohs 8 as supporting observations, not decisive identification. Reference: [Handbook of Mineralogy](https://rruff.info/doclib/hom/eskolaite.pdf).","Distinguish a natural mineral specimen from synthetic Cr2O3 through provenance; matching composition and diffraction do not establish natural origin."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"mineral-identity","name":"Mineral identity","description":"Establish whether the registered thing is present in the examined material.","layers":[{"id":"species-assignment","name":"Species assignment","description":"Connect the registry identity to mineralogical evidence.","findings":[{"id":"composition-structure-agreement","name":"Composition and structure agreement","description":"Eskolaite has ideal composition Cr2O3; an assignment should retain both chemical and structural evidence. Reference: [Handbook of Mineralogy](https://rruff.info/doclib/hom/eskolaite.pdf).","questions":[{"text":"Do chemistry and diffraction measurements refer to the same grain or demonstrably equivalent material?","id":"composition-structure-agreement-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which observed features support eskolaite, and which conflict with that assignment?","id":"composition-structure-agreement-q02","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"natural-synthetic-boundary","name":"Natural and synthetic boundary","description":"Separate mineral occurrence from chemical or structural equivalence.","findings":[{"id":"origin-qualified-naming","name":"Origin-qualified naming","description":"Record whether the object is a natural specimen, synthetic reference material or material of unresolved origin.","questions":[{"text":"What collection or manufacturing record establishes the specimen's origin?","id":"origin-qualified-naming-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is eskolaite naming a mineral grain, an identified phase or an entire commercial material?","id":"origin-qualified-naming-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"composition-and-phase-purity","name":"Composition and phase purity","description":"Resolve the chemistry of eskolaite separately from the chemistry of its surroundings.","layers":[{"id":"grain-chemistry","name":"Grain chemistry","description":"Evaluate measured composition and departures from the ideal formula.","findings":[{"id":"substitution-versus-contamination","name":"Substitution versus contamination","description":"A published natural analysis includes V and Fe alongside Cr; extra elements require grain-scale interpretation rather than automatic rejection or acceptance. Reference: [Handbook of Mineralogy](https://rruff.info/doclib/hom/eskolaite.pdf).","questions":[{"text":"Which non-Cr elements are reproducibly measured within eskolaite grains?","id":"substitution-versus-contamination-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Do mapping and analytical resolution support lattice substitution or an unresolved inclusion?","id":"substitution-versus-contamination-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"aggregate-composition","name":"Aggregate composition","description":"Determine how much of the specimen is eskolaite and what accompanies it.","findings":[{"id":"phase-resolved-abundance","name":"Phase-resolved abundance","description":"Keep mineral phase fraction distinct from elemental chromium concentration and commercial purity labels.","questions":[{"text":"What eskolaite fraction was measured, on what basis and with what detection limit?","id":"phase-resolved-abundance-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which host phases, coatings or inclusions contribute to the reported bulk composition?","id":"phase-resolved-abundance-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"diagnostic-observations","name":"Diagnostic observations","description":"Coordinate structural and physical tests of the eskolaite assignment.","layers":[{"id":"diffraction-evidence","name":"Diffraction evidence","description":"Compare measured structural evidence with a traceable reference.","findings":[{"id":"reference-pattern-fit","name":"Reference pattern fit","description":"Retain the reference, measured pattern, fit quality and unexplained reflections rather than only a software-generated phase label.","questions":[{"text":"Which eskolaite reference was used, and under what measurement conditions?","id":"reference-pattern-fit-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Are unmatched reflections explained by associated phases, or do they challenge identification?","id":"reference-pattern-fit-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"physical-screening","name":"Physical screening","description":"Use visible and mechanical observations as contextual evidence.","findings":[{"id":"screening-with-specimen-context","name":"Screening with specimen context","description":"Record whether observations concern an exposed eskolaite grain, a polished section or the surrounding aggregate.","questions":[{"text":"Were colour, streak and hardness observed on identified eskolaite rather than its host?","id":"screening-with-specimen-context-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Would a scratch or streak test consume material needed for a more decisive analysis?","id":"screening-with-specimen-context-q02","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"occurrence-and-texture","name":"Occurrence and texture","description":"Connect identified grains to their geological and collection context.","layers":[{"id":"locality-evidence","name":"Locality evidence","description":"Qualify the geographical and geological origin claim.","findings":[{"id":"documented-occurrence","name":"Documented occurrence","description":"Reported settings include chromium-rich metamorphic rocks and transported pebbles; distinguish collection setting from inferred formation setting. Reference: [Handbook of Mineralogy](https://rruff.info/doclib/hom/eskolaite.pdf).","questions":[{"text":"Which field record or specimen history supports the stated locality?","id":"documented-occurrence-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Was the material collected in place or after transport, and what does that leave unresolved about its source?","id":"documented-occurrence-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"grain-relationships","name":"Grain relationships","description":"Preserve spatial evidence around eskolaite grains.","findings":[{"id":"host-contact-interpretation","name":"Host contact interpretation","description":"Separate observed inclusions, intergrowths and rims from inferred formation sequences.","questions":[{"text":"Which identified minerals contact or enclose the eskolaite grain?","id":"host-contact-interpretation-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What textural evidence supports a proposed growth or replacement sequence?","id":"host-contact-interpretation-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"specimen-state-and-intervention","name":"Specimen state and intervention","description":"Determine what examinations or treatments are justified for the actual eskolaite-bearing material.","layers":[{"id":"sampling-integrity","name":"Sampling integrity","description":"Match preparation to grain size, phase distribution and specimen value.","findings":[{"id":"representative-minimal-sampling","name":"Representative minimal sampling","description":"Choose material that answers the analytical question while preserving diagnostic contacts and documented reference material.","questions":[{"text":"Can the proposed measurement isolate eskolaite at the observed grain size?","id":"representative-minimal-sampling-q01","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which textures or provenance-bearing features would cutting, polishing or powdering destroy?","id":"representative-minimal-sampling-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"treatment-and-exposure-evidence","name":"Treatment and exposure evidence","description":"Qualify interventions using specimen composition and intended process conditions.","findings":[{"id":"condition-specific-action-review","name":"Condition-specific action review","description":"Require relevant evidence before assigning handling rules or predicting the result of heating or chemical treatment.","questions":[{"text":"What specimen-specific composition and applicable guidance support the proposed handling method?","id":"condition-specific-action-review-q01","kind":"action"},{"text":"What temperature, atmosphere or reagents are proposed, and what evidence addresses possible phase or chromium-speciation changes?","id":"condition-specific-action-review-q02","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"evidence-and-external-alignment","name":"Evidence and external alignment","description":"What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.","layers":[{"id":"reported-evidence","name":"Reported evidence","description":"Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.","findings":[{"id":"evidence-confidence-notes","name":"Check these first","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these check these first hold for the sense of eskolaite this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-confidence-notes-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-identifiers","name":"Identifiers and schemes","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of eskolaite this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-identifiers-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-real-world-use","name":"Real-world use","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of eskolaite this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-real-world-use-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-measurements","name":"Typical measurements","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of eskolaite this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-measurements-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards","name":"Failure modes and hazards","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of eskolaite this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-neighbours","name":"Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of eskolaite this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-neighbours-q01","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Describe eskolaite, its corundum-type structure and occurrence from mineralogical sources.","Record specimens and analyses with locality data."],"mustNot":["Confuse natural eskolaite with synthetic chromium oxide pigment in reports.","Present chromium(III) oxide as hexavalent chromium or the reverse when stating hazards.","Help collect specimens from protected sites or meteorite finds without permission."],"requiresHuman":["Confirming a specimen's identity for sale or publication."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Confusing chromium oxidation states misstates real health risks.","Rare natural specimens are open to mislabelling."],"affectedParties":["Collectors and buyers","Researchers"]},"owners":{"steward":"The person or collection that holds a specimen.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q3777569","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.eskolaite","Wikidata: Q3732995 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3732995)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["Identification confidence: unexamined | provisional | supported | conflicting","Grain composition: Element or oxide mass %, with analytical totals, uncertainty and formula normalization","Crystal structure match: eskolaite reference match | alternative phase | unresolved; retain reference and measurement conditions","Eskolaite phase fraction: mass % or volume %, explicitly distinguished","Grain dimensions: µm or mm, with measurement axes and method","Surface and optical appearance: Observed colour, streak, lustre and opacity, with lighting and preparation","Origin evidence: Specimen linked to locality and collection record, synthesis record, or unresolved origin","Host and contact relationships: Host phase, associated phases, inclusion, intergrowth, coating or detached grain","Specimen integrity: intact | fractured | friable | powdered | mounted; record coatings and treatments","Analytical conditions: Temperature in K, pressure in Pa, and method-specific preparation and calibration"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Black to dark green lustrous prismatic crystals, often small.","Found in chromium-rich rocks; confirmed by analysis."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["Compare grain chemistry and diffraction against identified eskolaite references.","Locate eskolaite grains within a mixed specimen and estimate their abundance.","Choose an analytical spot that avoids host phases and inclusions.","Trace a natural-origin claim to collection and locality evidence.","Select examination and sampling methods consistent with specimen integrity.","Flag unresolved composition or exposure information before grinding, heating or chemical treatment."]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Fine dust of chromium compounds should not be inhaled."]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["The International Mineralogical Association recognizes eskolaite as a mineral species within the mineral nomenclature maintained by its Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification."]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Eskolaite is encountered in mineral collections and geological investigations of chromium-bearing rocks.","Its identification helps characterize mineral assemblages and interpret the conditions under which a rock formed.","Natural specimens can also serve as reference material for studying chromium oxide crystal structure."]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q3732995: eskolaite","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3732995","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Eskolaite","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskolaite","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["What authoritative compositional boundaries distinguish eskolaite from neighbouring substituted phases, and how should borderline analyses be named?","Which natural and synthetic diffraction references best support identification across the intended temperature and pressure range?","How should CAS, PubChem and EC identifiers for chromium(III) oxide be linked without implying that they establish natural mineral identity or specimen purity?","Which physical constants are supported for natural eskolaite, and which available values apply only to synthetic Cr2O3 under specified conditions?","What current handling classifications and exposure guidance apply to the actual specimen, associated phases and proposed preparation or treatment?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q3732995/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q3732995/spec.json"],"providers":["Codex"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T09:32:09Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:30+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}