{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.real-estate-holdout","code":"thing-q373691","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q373691/","name":"real estate holdout","alternateNames":["solidarity hut"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.3","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.BLT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A real estate holdout is a property whose owner refuses to sell or relinquish rights sought for a larger development project; the refusal may delay or prevent development or lead to construction around the property, with disputes arising over price, attachment to place or protest and shaped by applicable expropriation and eminent domain laws.","purpose":"Let an agent explain real estate holdouts and nail houses, relay the legal frameworks on expropriation and compulsory purchase with attribution, describe notable cases and the economics of holdouts, and distinguish holdouts from squatting and protest camps.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["The owner refuses to sell or relinquish property rights sought for development.","Development may be delayed, prevented or built around the property.","Applicable property and compulsory purchase laws shape the owner's legal leverage or vulnerability.","A holdout may acquire symbolic significance."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What a holdout is.","layers":[{"id":"definition","name":"Definition","description":"Definition and causes.","findings":[{"id":"definition-finding","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","questions":[{"text":"What is a real estate holdout, and why do owners hold out?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the situation a holdout, squatting, a protest camp or a protected building?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"cases","name":"Cases","description":"Notable cases.","findings":[{"id":"cases-finding","name":"Cases","description":"Cases.","questions":[{"text":"What are notable holdouts and nail houses, as reported?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific case?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"law","name":"Law","description":"Law.","layers":[{"id":"expropriation","name":"Expropriation","description":"Expropriation and compulsory purchase.","findings":[{"id":"expropriation-finding","name":"Expropriation","description":"Expropriation.","questions":[{"text":"How do eminent domain and compulsory purchase laws treat holdouts in different countries, with positions attributed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the user asking about their own property, which needs a lawyer?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"china","name":"China","description":"Nail houses and Chinese law.","findings":[{"id":"china-finding","name":"China","description":"China.","questions":[{"text":"How do Chinese property law and reporting describe nail houses, with attribution?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"economics","name":"Economics","description":"Economics and planning.","layers":[{"id":"economics","name":"Economics","description":"Holdout problem.","findings":[{"id":"economics-finding","name":"Economics","description":"Economics.","questions":[{"text":"How do economists analyse the holdout problem in land assembly?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"planning","name":"Planning","description":"Planning responses.","findings":[{"id":"planning-finding","name":"Planning","description":"Planning.","questions":[{"text":"How do developers and planners respond to holdouts, from redesign to negotiation?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits land assembly?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"Culture and protest.","layers":[{"id":"culture","name":"Culture","description":"Culture.","findings":[{"id":"culture-finding","name":"Culture","description":"Culture.","questions":[{"text":"How do holdouts appear in film, literature and public imagination?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific work?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"protest","name":"Protest","description":"Protest holdouts.","findings":[{"id":"protest-finding","name":"Protest","description":"Protest.","questions":[{"text":"How have solidarity huts and protest holdouts been used in movements, with attribution?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the presentation neutral?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Describe holdout cases and the law on land assembly from documented sources.","Report the status of a holdout property from public records."],"mustNot":["Harass, pressure or threaten owners who refuse to sell.","Publish holdout owners' personal details beyond public records.","Help cut a holdout's utilities or access to force a sale.","Present compulsory purchase as available where the law does not allow it."],"requiresHuman":["Any offer, negotiation or legal step to acquire a holdout property."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Holdouts defend homes and livelihoods against powerful developers.","Owners in some places have faced violence and forced eviction."],"affectedParties":["Holdout owners and occupants","Neighbours","Developers"]},"owners":{"steward":"The owner of the property; the land registry records title.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["Land registry or cadastre"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q41176","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"building","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"land assembly","type":"related","note":"for development"},{"target":"eminent domain","type":"related","note":"or compulsory purchase law"},{"target":"squatting","type":"related","note":"occupation without title"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.real-estate-holdout","Wikidata: Q373691 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373691)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["Parcel area:  m2 - Parcel area is determined from a cadastral survey of the property boundaries.","Building height:  m - Building height is surveyed from a stated ground reference to the highest structural point where a building is present.","Access width:  m - Access width is measured at the narrowest usable point along an identified route into the property."]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Property whose owner refuses to sell to a development","Nail houses, holdouts in cities, solidarity huts","Squatting occupies without title; a protest camp is temporary; a listed building is protected by law","A small old building surrounded by construction or new development."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain the phenomenon","relay legal frameworks","describe notable cases","distinguish from related situations"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Forced eviction and conflict, as reported","Partisan framing","Agents giving personal legal advice"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Eminent domain and compulsory purchase laws","Chinese property and expropriation law","Heritage protection laws in some cases"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Not applicable; a property situation.","holdouts over price in land assembly","holdouts from attachment to home","nail houses in China","protest holdouts and solidarity huts","historical holdouts in New York and other cities"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q373691: real estate holdout","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373691","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Holdout (real estate)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holdout_%28real_estate%29","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should nail house be a separate entry?","How should legal sources be linked by country?","The registry entry has a merged alias naming a protest structure; should it be split off?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q373691/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q373691/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-13T02:10:36Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T12:16:32+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}