{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.glycoside-hydrolase-superfamily","code":"thing-q375795","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q375795/","name":"glycoside hydrolase superfamily","alternateNames":["Inulinase","dextranase","alpha-glucosidase","beta-galactosidase","pectinase","Amylo-alpha-1,6-glucosidase","galsulfase","agalsidase beta","elosulfase alfa","isomaltase","beta-galactosidase 1","Galactan 1,3-beta-galactosidase"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.3","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.MAT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A large group of enzymes that hydrolyse glycosidic bonds in carbohydrates and glycoconjugates, classified into families by sequence in the CAZy database and including amylases, cellulases, inulinases, dextranases, pectinases, alpha-glucosidases, beta-galactosidases and debranching enzymes such as amylo-alpha-1,6-glucosidase; glycoside hydrolases are essential in digestion, cell wall turnover and glycan processing, and are used industrially in food, biofuel and textile processing.","purpose":"Let an agent explain glycoside hydrolases and their classification, identify major enzyme kinds and their substrates, relay biological roles and industrial uses, and distinguish them from other carbohydrate-active enzymes.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Glycosidic bond hydrolysis","Sequence-based families","Retaining and inverting mechanisms","Wide biological and industrial roles"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What the superfamily is.","layers":[{"id":"definition","name":"Definition","description":"Definition and classification.","findings":[{"id":"definition-finding","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","questions":[{"text":"What are glycoside hydrolases, and how are they classified by family and mechanism?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the enzyme a glycoside hydrolase or another carbohydrate-active enzyme?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"kinds","name":"Kinds","description":"Kinds and substrates.","findings":[{"id":"kinds-finding","name":"Kinds","description":"Kinds.","questions":[{"text":"What major kinds exist, and which substrates does each act on?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific enzyme?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"biology","name":"Biology","description":"Biological roles.","layers":[{"id":"roles","name":"Roles","description":"Roles.","findings":[{"id":"roles-finding","name":"Roles","description":"Roles.","questions":[{"text":"What roles do glycoside hydrolases play in digestion, cell walls and glycan processing?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits carbohydrate metabolism?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"disease","name":"Disease","description":"Deficiencies and disease.","findings":[{"id":"disease-finding","name":"Disease","description":"Disease.","questions":[{"text":"Which diseases arise from deficiencies, such as lactose intolerance and glycogen storage disease type III?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the user asking about a personal condition, which needs a clinician?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"use","name":"Use","description":"Industrial uses.","layers":[{"id":"industry","name":"Industry","description":"Industry.","findings":[{"id":"industry-finding","name":"Industry","description":"Industry.","questions":[{"text":"How are these enzymes used in food, brewing, biofuel, textiles and detergents?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits industrial enzyme?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"regulation","name":"Regulation","description":"Regulation.","findings":[{"id":"regulation-finding","name":"Regulation","description":"Regulation.","questions":[{"text":"How are food and industrial enzymes regulated?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"study","name":"Study","description":"Structure and research.","layers":[{"id":"mechanism","name":"Mechanism","description":"Mechanisms.","findings":[{"id":"mechanism-finding","name":"Mechanism","description":"Mechanism.","questions":[{"text":"How do retaining and inverting mechanisms work, and how are structures studied?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"research","name":"Research","description":"Research.","findings":[{"id":"research-finding","name":"Research","description":"Research.","questions":[{"text":"What are current research directions, such as enzyme discovery and engineering?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits enzyme engineering?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Describe the enzyme families and their functions from biochemical databases.","Annotate sequences into families using recognised classification."],"mustNot":["Fabricate activity or classification data.","Present enzyme supplements as cures for health conditions without evidence.","Ignore safety rules when handling enzyme powders that can cause allergy."],"requiresHuman":["Using enzyme preparations in food or medicine for people."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Enzyme dusts are a recognised cause of occupational asthma.","Classification databases are shared resources; errors spread to every user."],"affectedParties":["Researchers","Workers handling enzyme products","Consumers"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns the group; curators of carbohydrate enzyme databases maintain the classification.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["Carbohydrate-active enzyme databases"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q13527914","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"glycosidase","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"hydrolase","type":"related","note":"EC 3"},{"target":"CAZy database","type":"related","note":"by family"},{"target":"glycosyltransferase","type":"related","note":"which forms bonds"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.glycoside-hydrolase-superfamily","Wikidata: Q375795 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375795)","EC: 3.2.1 glycosidases","CAZy: GH families sequence-based"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["CAZy glycoside hydrolase families: over 180 count","EC class: EC 3.2.1 code - glycosidases"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Enzymes hydrolysing glycosidic bonds","Families by sequence in CAZy","Glycosyltransferases build bonds; lyases and esterases act differently","Not visible; enzyme structures shown as protein folds in databases."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain the superfamily and classification","identify enzyme kinds and substrates","relay biological roles and uses","distinguish from related enzymes"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Enzyme deficiencies causing disease, such as lactase deficiency and glycogen storage disease","Allergenicity of industrial enzymes","Confusing families and mechanisms"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["IUBMB enzyme nomenclature","Food enzyme regulations","Biosafety rules for enzyme production organisms"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Breaking down carbohydrates and glycans.","amylases and glucosidases","cellulases and hemicellulases","inulinases and dextranases","pectinases","beta-galactosidases including lactase","debranching enzymes such as amylo-alpha-1,6-glucosidase","lysozymes and chitinases"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q375795: glycoside hydrolase superfamily","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375795","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Glycoside hydrolase","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycoside_hydrolase","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should each major enzyme kind be a separate entry?","How should CAZy and EC databases be linked?","The registry entry has merged aliases naming specific enzymes; should they be split off?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q375795/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q375795/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T23:13:43Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:51:59+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}