{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.alloy","code":"thing-q37756","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q37756/","name":"alloy","alternateNames":["dental alloy","dental amalgam","fusible alloy","interstitial compound","ferrophosphorus","titanium hydride","ferronickelplatinum","kolymite","Bismuth Indium","Newton's metal","liquid metal","Queen's metal"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.MAT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A metallic material made by combining a metal with other metals or elements, such as steel (iron and carbon), bronze, brass, solder, aluminium alloys and dental amalgam, to improve strength, corrosion resistance or other properties.","purpose":"Let an agent handle alloys by composition, designation, properties, uses and safety.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Mixture based on a metal","Tailored properties","Standardised designations","Some contain hazardous elements"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"identity","name":"Identity","description":"Which alloy.","layers":[{"id":"designation","name":"Designation","description":"Grade.","findings":[{"id":"designation-finding","name":"Designation","description":"Designation.","questions":[{"text":"What is the alloy designation and composition?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which standard defines it?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"equivalents","name":"Equivalents","description":"Cross-reference.","findings":[{"id":"equivalents-finding","name":"Equivalents","description":"Equivalent grades.","questions":[{"text":"What are equivalent grades in other standards?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Are they truly interchangeable?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"properties","name":"Properties","description":"Performance.","layers":[{"id":"mechanical","name":"Mechanical","description":"Strength.","findings":[{"id":"mechanical-finding","name":"Mechanical","description":"Mechanical properties.","questions":[{"text":"What are its strength, hardness and ductility?","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"In which temper or condition?","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"corrosion","name":"Corrosion","description":"Resistance.","findings":[{"id":"corrosion-finding","name":"Corrosion","description":"Corrosion resistance.","questions":[{"text":"How does it resist corrosion in this environment?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is galvanic corrosion a risk with other metals?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"safety","name":"Safety","description":"Hazards.","layers":[{"id":"toxic","name":"Toxic elements","description":"Lead, cadmium, mercury.","findings":[{"id":"toxic-finding","name":"Toxic elements","description":"Toxic elements.","questions":[{"text":"Does the alloy contain lead, cadmium or mercury?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"What rules restrict its use?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"fumes","name":"Fumes","description":"Welding and soldering.","findings":[{"id":"fumes-finding","name":"Fumes","description":"Fumes.","questions":[{"text":"What fume controls are needed when welding or soldering it?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"What does the safety data sheet say?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"use","name":"Use","description":"Applications.","layers":[{"id":"selection","name":"Selection","description":"Choosing.","findings":[{"id":"selection-finding","name":"Selection","description":"Alloy selection.","questions":[{"text":"Which alloy suits this application?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Should an engineer confirm the choice?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"recycling","name":"Recycling","description":"End of life.","findings":[{"id":"recycling-finding","name":"Recycling","description":"Recycling.","questions":[{"text":"How is this alloy recycled?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Must it be separated from other metals?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Report an alloy's composition, grade and properties from certificates and standards.","Test and sort alloys for an operator that authorized it."],"mustNot":["Supply an alloy under a false grade or certificate.","Use alloys containing lead or other restricted metals in food, toys or drinking water parts.","Release fumes from melting or welding alloys where people can breathe them without protection.","Substitute a cheaper alloy in safety-critical parts without approval."],"requiresHuman":["Approving material substitutions in structures, vehicles or medical devices."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Wrong or fake alloys in critical parts have caused structural and aviation failures.","Metal fumes and dust harm workers' health."],"affectedParties":["Users of products and structures","Foundry and metal workers","Patients with metal implants"]},"owners":{"steward":"The producer or supplier for what is placed on the market; the owner for each item.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q1924900","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q5447188","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"metallic material and solid solution","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"metal","type":"related","note":"component"},{"target":"steel","type":"related","note":"example"},{"target":"EN and ASTM standards","type":"related","note":"standards"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.alloy","Wikidata: Q37756 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37756)","UNS number: letter plus five digits unified numbering system"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["Density:  kg/m3 - Determined from mass and volume at a stated temperature for the specified alloy composition.","Solidus temperature:  degrees Celsius - Determined by thermal analysis as the temperature at which melting begins under specified conditions.","Tensile strength:  MPa - Measured by tensile testing with the alloy composition, processing condition and test temperature recorded.","Electrical resistivity:  ohm m - Determined from electrical resistance and specimen geometry at a stated temperature."]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Designations such as 304 stainless or 6061 aluminium","Colour and density","Pure metals are not alloys","Metallic solids, colours ranging from grey steel to golden brass and bronze."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["identify alloys by designation","compare mechanical properties","choose alloys for corrosion or temperature","check hazards such as lead or mercury content"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Corrosion and stress cracking","Lead and cadmium exposure","Wrong alloy substitution"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["EN 10027 steel designation","RoHS restrictions on lead in electronics","EU Mercury Regulation on dental amalgam"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Engineering, construction, tools, electronics, coins and medicine.","steels and stainless steels","copper alloys such as bronze and brass","aluminium alloys","solders and fusible alloys","dental alloys and amalgam"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q37756: alloy","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37756","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Alloy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alloy","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should alloy families be separate entries?","How should designations be cross-referenced?","How should hazardous alloys be flagged?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q37756/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q37756/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-11T10:43:20Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:30+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}