{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.electoral-alliance","code":"thing-q388602","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q388602/","name":"electoral alliance","alternateNames":["electoral list","grouping of electors","Bygdeliste","zipper system","national electoral alliance in Bulgaria","civic list","Lijstverbinding","kartel","Apparentment","centre-left wing civic list"],"kind":"thing","status":"research-draft","version":"0.2.0-wave.4","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Society, people and institutions","entryKind":"thing","plane":"SOC","domain":["SOC.ORG"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"An arrangement between political parties or groups to contest an election jointly, through a shared electoral list, a joint candidacy or coordinated candidacies, including civic and local lists such as the Norwegian bygdeliste, groupings of electors, national alliances such as those formed in Bulgaria, and list arrangements such as the zipper system alternating candidates by gender; electoral alliances are shaped by electoral systems and thresholds.","purpose":"Let an agent explain electoral alliances and their forms, relay how electoral systems shape them from political science sources with attribution, describe examples across countries, and distinguish electoral alliances from coalition governments, party mergers and parliamentary groups.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Pre-election arrangement","Shared list or candidacy","Threshold driven","National variety"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What an electoral alliance is.","layers":[{"id":"definition","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","findings":[{"id":"definition-finding","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","questions":[{"text":"What is an electoral alliance, and how does it differ from a coalition government, party merger and parliamentary group?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the question about the concept, a form, a country or a specific alliance?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"forms","name":"Forms","description":"Forms.","findings":[{"id":"forms-finding","name":"Forms","description":"Forms.","questions":[{"text":"What are joint lists, coordinated candidacies, civic lists, bygdelister, groupings of electors and the zipper system?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific form?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"systems","name":"Systems","description":"Electoral systems.","layers":[{"id":"effects","name":"Effects","description":"Effects of systems.","findings":[{"id":"effects-finding","name":"Effects","description":"Effects.","questions":[{"text":"How do thresholds, list systems and majoritarian rules encourage or discourage alliances, as political scientists describe?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"law","name":"Law","description":"Law.","findings":[{"id":"law-finding","name":"Law","description":"Law.","questions":[{"text":"How do electoral laws regulate alliances and lists?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"examples","name":"Examples","description":"Examples.","layers":[{"id":"countries","name":"Countries","description":"Countries.","findings":[{"id":"countries-finding","name":"Countries","description":"Countries.","questions":[{"text":"What are notable alliances in Bulgaria, Italy, France, India and elsewhere, with accounts attributed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the presentation neutral?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"local","name":"Local","description":"Local lists.","findings":[{"id":"local-finding","name":"Local","description":"Local.","questions":[{"text":"How do civic lists and bygdelister work in local politics?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits local list?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"Strategy and history.","layers":[{"id":"strategy","name":"Strategy","description":"Strategy.","findings":[{"id":"strategy-finding","name":"Strategy","description":"Strategy.","questions":[{"text":"Why do parties form alliances, and what are the risks?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits party strategy?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History.","findings":[{"id":"history-finding","name":"History","description":"History.","questions":[{"text":"How have electoral alliances shaped political history?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits the history of elections?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Describe an electoral alliance, its members and the rules under which it ran, from official sources.","Explain the difference between an electoral alliance and a government coalition."],"mustNot":["Present one alliance's claims as fact or campaign for or against it.","Misstate alliance results, seat counts or list rules.","Produce disinformation about alliances to influence voters.","Profile individual voters by their support for an alliance."],"requiresHuman":["Publishing analysis of an alliance during an active election campaign."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Alliances shape whose votes count and how; misreporting them misleads voters.","Electoral fairness depends on neutral, accurate information."],"affectedParties":["Voters","Parties and candidates","Election authorities"]},"owners":{"steward":"The parties that form it; the electoral commission registers it where the law requires.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["Electoral commission candidate and list registers"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q60170135","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"political alliance","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"electoral system","type":"related","note":"and thresholds"},{"target":"coalition government","type":"related","note":"formed after elections"},{"target":"electoral list","type":"related","note":"as a shared ballot"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.electoral-alliance","Wikidata: Q388602 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q388602)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":["common in: proportional and mixed systems note","zipper system: alternating genders on lists note","bygdeliste: Norwegian local non-party list note"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Joint electoral arrangement between parties or groups","Electoral list, grouping of electors, bygdeliste, civic list, zipper system, Bulgarian national alliances","Coalition governments form after elections; mergers create one party; parliamentary groups sit together","Not a visible object; a joint ballot list or candidacy."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain forms","relay effects of electoral systems","describe examples","distinguish related arrangements"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Confusing alliances with coalitions","Registry aliases mixing forms and list rules","Partisan framing of specific alliances"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Electoral laws on alliances, lists and thresholds","Gender quota laws using zipper systems","Party finance rules"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Contesting elections jointly.","joint electoral lists","coordinated candidacies in majoritarian systems","civic and local lists such as bygdelister","groupings of electors","national electoral alliances such as in Bulgaria","list rules such as the zipper system"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q388602: electoral alliance","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q388602","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Electoral alliance","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral_alliance","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should electoral list and zipper system be separate primary entries?","How should political science sources be linked?","The registry entry has merged aliases naming forms, a Norwegian list type and a gender rule; should they be split off?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q388602/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q388602/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-13T13:41:44Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"interaction.properties":"Plane SOC: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}