{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.drain","code":"thing-q3951623","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q3951623/","name":"drain","alternateNames":["oil filter drain","floor drain","Trench drain","shower drain"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.1.0-research.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.OBJ"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A drain is an opening, channel, conduit, or assembly designed to collect and convey unwanted or excess liquid away from a fixture, surface, space, or body of ground.","purpose":"Enable an agent to recognise a drain, assess its ability to collect and convey unwanted liquid, and determine appropriate inspection, maintenance or restriction.","scope":{"in":["The receiving opening, grate, strainer or other liquid-entry interface","The bounded passage from the receiving interface to a declared downstream connection","Integral traps, seals, cleanouts and backflow devices where present","Installed geometry, drainage duty and connection relationships","Observed flow, obstruction, leakage and maintenance condition"],"out":["The complete sewer, stormwater or building drainage network","Wastewater treatment processes and receiving water bodies","The sink, shower, roof or paved surface served, except its interface with the drain","Separate pumps and their power or control systems","Drain-cleaning equipment and chemical products","Medical drainage devices pending registry sense verification"],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["It has an identifiable liquid-receiving interface and a route toward an outlet; an isolated hole without that drainage role is insufficient.","Its primary role is removal of unwanted liquid, distinguishing it from a supply outlet intended to deliver liquid for use.","A pipe belongs to this assembly only within its declared drainage boundary; pipe shape alone does not establish that something is a drain.","A grate or strainer can be a component of a drain but does not by itself establish the conveyance path.","A storage receptacle primarily retains liquid; a drain primarily passes it onward, even when an integral trap retains a local seal."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"drain-identity-and-boundary","name":"Drain identity and boundary","description":"Establishes which drainage sense and physical assembly the model describes.","layers":[{"id":"receiving-role","name":"Receiving role","description":"Identifies what unwanted liquid the drain receives and where it originates.","findings":[{"id":"drainage-duty","name":"Drainage duty","description":"Record the application and intended liquid-removal role without inferring them solely from appearance.","questions":[{"text":"What surface, fixture or equipment discharges into this drain, and what liquid is it intended to remove?","id":"drainage-duty-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"What registry evidence, installation record or direct observation supports that interpretation of drain?","id":"drainage-duty-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"physical-extent","name":"Physical extent","description":"Separates the drain assembly from its served object and downstream network.","findings":[{"id":"inlet-to-handoff","name":"Inlet-to-handoff boundary","description":"Identify the inlet, included passage and components, and the point where another model takes responsibility.","questions":[{"text":"Where does this drain begin and end, and which grate, trap, pipe section or cleanout belongs within that boundary?","id":"inlet-to-handoff-q01","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Which downstream connection receives its discharge, and is that connection observed or only documented?","id":"inlet-to-handoff-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"liquid-entry-and-conveyance","name":"Liquid entry and conveyance","description":"Describes how liquid reaches the inlet and passes through the drain.","layers":[{"id":"inlet-capture","name":"Inlet capture","description":"Examines the receiving opening and its relationship to the served surface.","findings":[{"id":"entry-geometry","name":"Entry geometry","description":"Record opening geometry, strainer restrictions and inlet elevation relative to the local drainage surface.","questions":[{"text":"What are the inlet dimensions and effective open area with the installed grate or strainer?","id":"entry-geometry-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Does the surrounding surface direct liquid into the inlet, and where does liquid collect or bypass it?","id":"entry-geometry-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"flow-through-assembly","name":"Flow through the assembly","description":"Connects passage geometry and driving conditions to documented drainage performance.","findings":[{"id":"conditional-discharge-performance","name":"Conditional discharge performance","description":"Record discharge performance together with inlet head, passage arrangement and downstream conditions.","questions":[{"text":"What drives flow through this drain, and what passage dimensions, gradient or external dependencies are documented?","id":"conditional-discharge-performance-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"What flow rate has been measured or rated, at what inlet head and downstream condition?","id":"conditional-discharge-performance-q02","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What evidence establishes the required drainage duty against which that performance should be judged?","id":"conditional-discharge-performance-q03","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"containment-and-protective-functions","name":"Containment and protective functions","description":"Records how the drain contains liquid and manages unwanted passage through its connections.","layers":[{"id":"body-and-connections","name":"Body and connections","description":"Assesses the liquid-containing body, joints and interfaces with the surrounding construction.","findings":[{"id":"containment-integrity","name":"Containment integrity","description":"Record materials, joint condition and evidence of leakage along the bounded assembly.","questions":[{"text":"Which materials and joint types contact the intended liquid, and what documentation supports their suitability?","id":"containment-integrity-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Where are cracks, corrosion, loose connections or leakage observed, and under what flow conditions?","id":"containment-integrity-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"seals-and-reverse-flow","name":"Seals and reverse flow","description":"Identifies installed barriers and distinguishes their intended functions.","findings":[{"id":"protection-arrangement","name":"Protection arrangement","description":"Record traps, alternative seals and backflow devices separately, including whether they sit outside the drain boundary.","questions":[{"text":"Which installed components provide a liquid or gas seal, and which are intended to limit reverse liquid flow?","id":"protection-arrangement-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which protective components belong to this drain and which belong to the connected system?","id":"protection-arrangement-q02","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"What inspection or test is specified for each protective component, and what result is recorded?","id":"protection-arrangement-q03","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"drain-condition-and-intervention","name":"Drain condition and intervention","description":"Links observed drainage symptoms to permitted inspection, cleaning and return to service.","layers":[{"id":"symptoms-and-localisation","name":"Symptoms and localisation","description":"Records visible symptoms and the evidence used to locate a restriction or other failure.","findings":[{"id":"drainage-failure-evidence","name":"Drainage failure evidence","description":"Separate observations such as standing liquid, debris or reverse flow from proposed causes.","questions":[{"text":"What standing liquid, slow discharge, debris accumulation, leakage or reverse flow was observed, and when?","id":"drainage-failure-evidence-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What accessible inspection can distinguish an inlet obstruction from a passage restriction or downstream problem?","id":"drainage-failure-evidence-q02","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"maintenance-and-release","name":"Maintenance and release","description":"Defines feasible interventions and the evidence required before the drain resumes its intended duty.","findings":[{"id":"compatible-intervention","name":"Compatible intervention","description":"Record access, method constraints, required competence and post-maintenance verification for the specific drain.","questions":[{"text":"Which access points and cleaning or repair methods are allowed by the drain's materials, installation instructions and site requirements?","id":"compatible-intervention-q01","kind":"action"},{"text":"What condition requires restricting use or referring the problem to the downstream system owner or a qualified maintainer?","id":"compatible-intervention-q02","kind":"action"},{"text":"What post-intervention flow and leakage checks demonstrate that the drain can resume its documented duty?","id":"compatible-intervention-q03","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"evidence-and-external-alignment","name":"Evidence and external alignment","description":"What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.","layers":[{"id":"reported-evidence","name":"Reported evidence","description":"Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.","findings":[{"id":"evidence-confidence-notes","name":"Check these first","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these check these first hold for the sense of drain this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-confidence-notes-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-kinds","name":"Kinds and varieties","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of drain this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-kinds-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-standards-and-regulation","name":"Standards and regulation","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of drain this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-real-world-use","name":"Real-world use","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of drain this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-real-world-use-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-measurements","name":"Typical measurements","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of drain this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-measurements-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards","name":"Failure modes and hazards","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of drain this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-regional-variation","name":"Regional variation","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of drain this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-regional-variation-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-neighbours","name":"Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of drain this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-neighbours-q01","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Inspect a drain and report blockages, odours, damage or overflow to the owner.","Clear minor blockages in fixtures it is authorized to maintain using safe methods."],"mustNot":["Pour hazardous chemicals, fuels or medicines into drains.","Connect foul drainage to surface water drains or the reverse.","Enter or send a person into a sewer or deep drain without confined-space safety measures.","Leave drain covers or gratings open where people can fall in."],"requiresHuman":["Excavating or replacing drains, which may affect neighbours or public sewers.","Responding to a sewage overflow into homes or watercourses."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Drains protect public health; failures spread disease and pollution.","Shared drains mean one person's misuse harms neighbours and rivers."],"affectedParties":["Occupants","Neighbours","Sewer workers"]},"owners":{"steward":"The property owner for private drains; the sewerage undertaker for public sewers.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["Sewer network asset records"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q10273457","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q116970854","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.drain","Wikidata: Q3951623 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3951623)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["Drainage application: fixture; floor; roof; surface runoff; equipment drainage; other; unresolved","Assembly boundary: receiving interface, included components and downstream handoff","Intended liquid and entrained material: identified liquids, expected solids and declared exclusions","Inlet opening geometry: opening dimensions in mm; effective open area in mm²","Outlet connection: destination, connection type and nominal size with its stated sizing convention","Installed drainage gradient: rise/run or % over an identified passage segment; not applicable; unknown","Discharge performance: L/s with liquid, inlet head in mm and downstream test conditions","Liquid-seal arrangement: integral trap; external trap; alternative seal; none; unknown","Backflow protection: integral device; external protection; none identified; unknown","Observed drainage condition: flows under recorded conditions; slow drainage; standing liquid; blocked; reverse flow; untested","Body and joint condition: intact; cracked; corroded; loose; leaking; inaccessible; unknown","Maintenance access: removable inlet cover; cleanout access; disassembly required; inaccessible; unknown"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["An opening with a grate, plug hole or cover set into a floor, fixture, road or ground.","Gullies at kerbsides and manhole covers mark connections to the drainage network."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["Identify the served area and trace the declared discharge route.","Compare observed drainage with a documented duty under matching conditions.","Inspect accessible openings, strainers, seals and joints for obstruction or damage.","Select an access route and compatible maintenance method using installation-specific evidence.","Restrict use or escalate investigation when leakage, reverse flow or unsafe inlet condition is observed.","Record cleaning or repair and verify drainage afterward under stated conditions."]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Blockages cause flooding and sewage backflow into buildings.","Sewer gases can be toxic or explosive in confined spaces.","Open covers create fall hazards."]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["EN 12056 Gravity drainage systems inside buildings, European Committee for Standardization (CEN)."]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Drains occur in plumbing fixtures, floors, roofs, roads and landscapes where unwanted liquid must be collected and conveyed away.","They support sanitation, flood prevention and protection of buildings or ground from excess water.","Inspection considers the receiving drainage system because wastewater, stormwater and contaminated liquids can require different destinations."]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q3951623: drain","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3951623","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Drain (plumbing)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drain_%28plumbing%29","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Does the registry intend a building or surface-water drain, or a broader concept that includes medical drains and landscape drainage works?","Does an existing Vercy world model already own this concept, and where should this entry link instead of duplicating it?","Which drain subtypes require distinct treatment of traps, overflow routes, external pumping or backflow protection?","Which governing standards, issuing bodies and jurisdiction-specific requirements apply to each supported installation context?","What authoritative evidence establishes subtype-specific capacities, dimensions, material compatibility and acceptance tests?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q3951623/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q3951623/spec.json"],"providers":["Codex"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T09:18:43Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:30+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}