{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.gasoline","code":"thing-q39558","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q39558/","name":"gasoline","alternateNames":["Unleaded 91","Premium 98","reformulated gasoline","high octane gasoline","Premium","avgas","unleaded gasoline","biogasoline","leaded gasoline","lead replacement petrol","Unleaded 95"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.5","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.MAT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A volatile liquid fuel, a mixture mainly of hydrocarbons of roughly C4-C12, usually refined from petroleum but also producible from biomass, used mainly in spark-ignition engines; specified by octane rating, volatility and composition, and often blended with ethanol or other oxygenates.","purpose":"Let an agent describe gasoline grades, specifications, safety and regulation, and point to fuel standards and safety data, without endorsing brands.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Octane indicates knock resistance, not energy content.","Octane labels differ: Europe uses RON, the US and Canada show the average of RON and MON.","Avgas for piston aircraft differs from motor gasoline and may contain lead."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"grade","name":"Grade","description":"Which gasoline.","layers":[{"id":"grade","name":"Grade","description":"Octane and label.","findings":[{"id":"grade","name":"Grade","description":"Octane and labelling system.","questions":[{"text":"Which grade is it?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the octane RON or (R+M)/2?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"blend","name":"Blend","description":"Ethanol and additives.","findings":[{"id":"blend","name":"Blend","description":"Ethanol content.","questions":[{"text":"How much ethanol does it contain?","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Is it compatible with the vehicle?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"specification","name":"Specification","description":"Standards.","layers":[{"id":"standard","name":"Standard","description":"EN 228, ASTM D4814.","findings":[{"id":"standard","name":"Standard","description":"Standard and edition.","questions":[{"text":"Which standard does it meet?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which edition?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"properties","name":"Properties","description":"Volatility and composition.","findings":[{"id":"properties","name":"Properties","description":"Batch, volume at reference temperature, sampling date, test results, contamination, oxidation stability and phase separation.","questions":[{"text":"What are its vapour pressure and composition limits?","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"For which season?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"safety","name":"Safety","description":"Hazards and handling.","layers":[{"id":"hazards","name":"Hazards","description":"Fire and toxicity.","findings":[{"id":"hazard","name":"Hazard","description":"Classification.","questions":[{"text":"Which hazards apply?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"From which SDS?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"handling","name":"Handling","description":"Storage and transport.","findings":[{"id":"handling-rule","name":"Handling rule","description":"Rule and source.","questions":[{"text":"How must it be stored and transported?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Under which rules?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"environment","name":"Environment","description":"Emissions and policy.","layers":[{"id":"emissions","name":"Emissions","description":"Pollutants and CO2.","findings":[{"id":"emissions","name":"Emissions","description":"Values and source.","questions":[{"text":"What emissions does it produce?","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Per which standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"policy","name":"Policy","description":"Regulation and phase-outs.","findings":[{"id":"policy","name":"Policy","description":"Rule and date.","questions":[{"text":"Which policies affect its use?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"From when?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["explain grades, standards and safety"],"mustNot":["give instructions for making incendiary devices","advise unsafe storage or siphoning"],"requiresHuman":[]},"ethics":{"considerations":["climate impact","public health"],"affectedParties":["drivers","fuel workers","the public"]},"owners":{"steward":"nobody as a product category; fuels belong to suppliers and must meet national standards","roles":[],"masterSystems":["fuel quality monitoring systems"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q1059843","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q169336","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q337540","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"liquid fuel","type":"related","note":"fuel; petroleum product when refined from crude"},{"target":"spark-ignition engine","type":"related","note":"application"},{"target":"E85 flex fuel","type":"related","note":"ethanol-dominant, ASTM D5798"},{"target":"ethanol","type":"related","note":"oxygenate"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.gasoline","Wikidata: Q39558 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39558)","UN number: UN 1203 gasoline / motor spirit for transport","CAS: 86290-81-5 gasoline"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["density: about 0.72-0.775 kg/L - at 15 C, EN 228","flash point: below -40 degrees C - extremely flammable","research octane number: about 91-100 - common grades; US pumps show (R+M)/2"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Labelled pumps with grade (such as E10, 95, 98, regular, premium)","A clear, colourless to pale yellow liquid, sometimes dyed, with a characteristic odour."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain octane ratings and grades","explain fuel standards and ethanol blends","point to safety data and handling rules","explain environmental regulation"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Fire and explosion","Benzene exposure (carcinogen)","Aspiration injury if swallowed, vapour effects and skin irritation","Air pollution and CO2 emissions","Misfuelling"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["EN 228 automotive fuels - unleaded petrol (CEN)","ASTM D4814 spark-ignition engine fuel (US)","ASTM D910 leaded and D7547 unleaded aviation gasoline","EU Fuel Quality Directive 98/70/EC","GHS classification and formulation-specific SDS"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Fuel for cars, motorcycles, small engines and piston aircraft (avgas).","regular and premium unleaded","low ethanol blends (E5, E10, E15)","reformulated gasoline","biogasoline","aviation gasoline (avgas, leaded or unleaded)","leaded road gasoline (phased out globally by 2021)"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Q39558","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39558","note":"identity of the registry item, labels and sitelinks"},{"title":"Gasoline","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasoline","note":"general description of the subject"},{"title":"NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards: Gasoline","url":"https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0299.html","note":"Hydrocarbon mixture, appearance, density, flash point, transport identifier and health hazards."},{"title":"Renewable Gasoline","url":"https://afdc.energy.gov/fuels/emerging-hydrocarbon","note":"Biomass-derived gasoline and the correction to petroleum-only scope."},{"title":"E85 (Flex Fuel)","url":"https://afdc.energy.gov/fuels/ethanol-e85","note":"E85 composition, seasonal variation and flex-fuel vehicle compatibility."},{"title":"D4814: Standard Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel","url":"https://store.astm.org/standards/d4814","note":"Automotive gasoline specification, oxygenate blends and exclusion of oxygenate-dominant fuels."},{"title":"AC 20-24D: Approval of Propulsion Fuels, Additives, and Lubricating Oils","url":"https://www.faa.gov/documentLibrary/media/Advisory_Circular/AC_20-24D.pdf","note":"Aviation gasoline specifications, ASTM issuing body and fuel approval distinctions."},{"title":"Era of leaded petrol over, eliminating a major threat to human and planetary health","url":"https://www.unep.org/en/news-and-stories/press-release/era-leaded-petrol-over-eliminating-major-threat-human-and-planetary","note":"Global road-petrol phase-out and July 2021 endpoint."}],"openQuestions":["The registry merges grades and avgas; should avgas be a separate entry?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q39558/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q39558/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-10-21T20:52:34Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-21T21:00:48+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 7 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}