{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.conhydrine","code":"thing-q409921","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q409921/","name":"conhydrine","alternateNames":[],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.1.0-research.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.MAT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"Conhydrine is a naturally occurring oxygenated piperidine alkaloid found in poison hemlock (Conium maculatum), with molecular formula C8H17NO and the connectivity of 1-(piperidin-2-yl)propan-1-ol.","purpose":"Enable an agent to identify conhydrine, assess the identity and condition of a sample, and determine whether evidence supports its intended handling or analytical use.","scope":{"in":["Molecular connectivity, stereochemistry, synonyms, and identifier reconciliation","Free-base identity and relationships to salts, solutions, and stereoisomeric materials","Chemical assay, stereochemical purity, and related-alkaloid contamination","Physical properties and stability under recorded conditions","Natural or synthetic provenance and analytical confirmation","Substance-specific hazard evidence and applicable regulatory identity"],"out":["Whole-plant biology and cultivation of organisms containing conhydrine","Complete composition and effects of hemlock extracts","Independent models of coniine, pseudoconhydrine, and other related alkaloids","Detailed extraction or synthesis process design","Clinical diagnosis and treatment of poisoning","Commercial product formulations and laboratory facility management"],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Require connectivity consistent with 1-(piperidin-2-yl)propan-1-ol; a matching molecular formula alone does not establish conhydrine identity. The stereospecific reference structure is documented in [PubChem](https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Conhydrine).","Compare assigned stereocentres against the reference (1R)-1-[(2S)-piperidin-2-yl]propan-1-ol, while recording whether the registry intends that specific stereoisomer or a broader name. [PubChem](https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Conhydrine).","Resolve hydroxyl position and connectivity when distinguishing a conhydrine-labelled sample from pseudoconhydrine; do not accept matching mass as sufficient identification.","Check the oxygen-bearing structure when distinguishing a conhydrine-labelled sample from coniine, and separately test for mixtures.","Require evidence of the isolated compound rather than treating a plant extract, salt formulation, or supplier name as equivalent to verified conhydrine."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"identity-and-stereochemical-boundary","name":"Identity and stereochemical boundary","description":"Establish what the registry name conhydrine denotes and how that identity is recognized.","layers":[{"id":"connectivity-and-identifiers","name":"Connectivity and identifiers","description":"Connect the registry entry to explicit chemical structures and qualified external records.","findings":[{"id":"structure-anchored-name","name":"Structure-anchored name","description":"Treat conhydrine identity as a structure-supported assertion rather than a synonym lookup.","questions":[{"text":"Which explicit structure and stereochemical specification does vr.tr.conhydrine denote?","id":"structure-anchored-name-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which CAS, PubChem, and EC records match that exact scope, and which describe less-specific structures?","id":"structure-anchored-name-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"stereoisomer-and-neighbour-boundaries","name":"Stereoisomer and neighbour boundaries","description":"Distinguish the intended conhydrine identity from stereoisomeric and related-alkaloid records.","findings":[{"id":"stereochemical-name-resolution","name":"Stereochemical name resolution","description":"Record the structural meaning of stereochemical qualifiers and historical names before treating them as equivalent.","questions":[{"text":"Do conhydrine, alpha-conhydrine, and (+)-conhydrine denote the same stereochemical scope in each cited source?","id":"stereochemical-name-resolution-q01","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"What structural evidence distinguishes the sample from pseudoconhydrine, coniine, and alternative conhydrine stereoisomers?","id":"stereochemical-name-resolution-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]}]},{"id":"material-form-and-composition","name":"Material form and composition","description":"Describe what a conhydrine-labelled sample contains and how its quantity is expressed.","layers":[{"id":"free-base-and-derived-forms","name":"Free base and derived forms","description":"Separate the parent identity from the composition of the material being assessed.","findings":[{"id":"declared-material-basis","name":"Declared material basis","description":"Require a stated chemical form and composition basis for each sample or measurement.","questions":[{"text":"Is this material conhydrine free base, a specified salt, a solvate, or a solution?","id":"declared-material-basis-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Are reported amounts expressed as total material, conhydrine free-base equivalent, or another explicitly defined basis?","id":"declared-material-basis-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"purity-and-alkaloid-mixtures","name":"Purity and alkaloid mixtures","description":"Characterize chemical impurities and stereoisomer composition separately.","findings":[{"id":"resolved-composition","name":"Resolved composition","description":"Separate conhydrine assay from related-alkaloid content, residual components, and stereochemical purity.","questions":[{"text":"What conhydrine mass fraction is supported by a calibrated assay, and what water or residual solvent affects that value?","id":"resolved-composition-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which methods resolve related alkaloids and alternative stereoisomers, and what are their detection limits?","id":"resolved-composition-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]}]},{"id":"analytical-recognition-and-provenance","name":"Analytical recognition and provenance","description":"Link conhydrine identity claims to traceable samples, references, and complementary analytical evidence.","layers":[{"id":"orthogonal-identity-evidence","name":"Complementary identity evidence","description":"Assess whether measurements establish formula, connectivity, and stereochemistry.","findings":[{"id":"identity-evidence-coverage","name":"Identity evidence coverage","description":"Record what each analytical technique establishes and what remains unresolved.","questions":[{"text":"Which mass-spectrometric and NMR observations support the assigned conhydrine formula and hydroxyl-bearing side-chain connectivity?","id":"identity-evidence-coverage-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which chiral separation, authenticated reference, or configuration-assignment evidence establishes the stereochemical identity?","id":"identity-evidence-coverage-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"sample-and-reference-lineage","name":"Sample and reference lineage","description":"Track whether the material and comparison evidence originate from isolation, synthesis, or a supplied standard.","findings":[{"id":"traceable-conhydrine-assertion","name":"Traceable conhydrine assertion","description":"Keep origin claims distinct from analytical confirmation of the resulting material.","questions":[{"text":"What specimen, synthesis record, or supplier lot is the source of this conhydrine sample?","id":"traceable-conhydrine-assertion-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Was a reported natural occurrence confirmed using an authenticated standard and stereochemical evidence, or assigned tentatively?","id":"traceable-conhydrine-assertion-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"physical-behaviour-and-condition","name":"Physical behaviour and condition","description":"Connect conhydrine property measurements to chemical form, conditions, and sample history.","layers":[{"id":"condition-qualified-properties","name":"Condition-qualified properties","description":"Evaluate thermal, optical, and solution properties for the specified conhydrine material.","findings":[{"id":"comparable-property-records","name":"Comparable property records","description":"Accept comparisons only when stereochemistry, material form, and experimental conditions are sufficiently aligned.","questions":[{"text":"What melting range and optical rotation are measured for this sample, with purity and measurement conditions recorded?","id":"comparable-property-records-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which solubility, pKa, and boiling-point values have experimental support for the same conhydrine form?","id":"comparable-property-records-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"storage-and-change","name":"Storage and change","description":"Assess whether storage or preparation has altered the material's suitability.","findings":[{"id":"condition-supported-reuse","name":"Condition-supported reuse","description":"Base continued use on sample history and relevant measurements rather than assumed stability.","questions":[{"text":"What evidence establishes conhydrine stability under the recorded temperature, light, atmosphere, solvent, and pH conditions?","id":"condition-supported-reuse-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which observed changes in assay, impurity profile, or stereoisomer composition require requalification before use?","id":"condition-supported-reuse-q02","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"hazard-evidence-and-use-decisions","name":"Hazard evidence and use decisions","description":"Determine which safety claims and use constraints are justified for the actual conhydrine material.","layers":[{"id":"substance-specific-hazard-evidence","name":"Substance-specific hazard evidence","description":"Qualify toxicological claims by test substance, endpoint, route, and evidence quality.","findings":[{"id":"hazard-attribution","name":"Hazard attribution","description":"Retain the distinction between direct conhydrine evidence, mixture observations, and analogy.","questions":[{"text":"Which toxicological findings were obtained with chemically and stereochemically characterized conhydrine?","id":"hazard-attribution-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which claimed effects instead derive from coniine, other alkaloids, or hemlock mixtures?","id":"hazard-attribution-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"applicable-controls-and-fitness","name":"Applicable controls and fitness","description":"Connect verified material identity and evidence to a particular handling or analytical decision.","findings":[{"id":"evidence-backed-use-gates","name":"Evidence-backed use gates","description":"Evaluate applicable classifications and purpose-specific acceptance criteria without inventing missing limits.","questions":[{"text":"Which current SDS, jurisdiction-specific GHS classification, and exposure limits, if any, apply to this exact material and identifier?","id":"evidence-backed-use-gates-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Do the sample's identity, assay, stereochemical purity, and condition satisfy the stated analytical use?","id":"evidence-backed-use-gates-q02","kind":"action"},{"text":"What handling, storage, and disposal requirements are supported for the actual form, concentration, and quantity?","id":"evidence-backed-use-gates-q03","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"evidence-and-external-alignment","name":"Evidence and external alignment","description":"What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.","layers":[{"id":"reported-evidence","name":"Reported evidence","description":"Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.","findings":[{"id":"evidence-confidence-notes","name":"Check these first","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these check these first hold for the sense of conhydrine this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-confidence-notes-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-identifiers","name":"Identifiers and schemes","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of conhydrine this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-identifiers-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-real-world-use","name":"Real-world use","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of conhydrine this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-real-world-use-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-measurements","name":"Typical measurements","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of conhydrine this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-measurements-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards","name":"Failure modes and hazards","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of conhydrine this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-neighbours","name":"Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of conhydrine this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-neighbours-q01","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Identify conhydrine in literature and analytical data as a hemlock alkaloid.","Warn that hemlock and its alkaloids are poisonous when the topic arises."],"mustNot":["Assist anyone in extracting, concentrating or using conhydrine or hemlock to harm a person or animal.","Give information on quantities or preparation that would make it more dangerous.","Present hemlock preparations as safe remedies.","Label unidentified plant material as harmless when it may be hemlock."],"requiresHuman":["Handling or disposing of material suspected to contain hemlock alkaloids.","Advising on a suspected poisoning beyond directing people to emergency services."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Hemlock alkaloids can kill people and livestock, so information must not lower the barrier to misuse.","Accidental poisonings happen when the plant is mistaken for edible relatives."],"affectedParties":["People and animals exposed to hemlock","Foragers","Farmers and livestock keepers"]},"owners":{"steward":"The laboratory that holds a reference sample; nobody owns the wild plant that produces it.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q17325708","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.conhydrine","Wikidata: Q409921 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q409921)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["Molecular identity: Formula C8H17NO; structure-resolved InChI or isomeric SMILES. [PubChem](https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Conhydrine).","External identifier mapping: Source-qualified CAS, PubChem CID, and EC mappings, each with stereochemical and material-form scope","Stereochemical specification: Absolute configuration at each stereocentre; single stereoisomer, racemate, other mixture, or unresolved","Chemical assay: Mass fraction %, with method, uncertainty, and as-received or dry basis; chromatographic area % recorded separately","Stereoisomer composition: Stereoisomer fractions %, enantiomeric excess %, or diastereomeric ratio, with method","Material form: Free base, specified salt, solvate, solution, mixture, or unresolved; counterion and solvent where applicable","Thermal behaviour: Melting range in °C; boiling point in °C at stated pressure; decomposition observations","Optical rotation: Observed rotation in degrees or specific rotation with explicit units, solvent, concentration convention, temperature, and wavelength","Solution behaviour: Solubility in g/L or mol/L at stated solvent, pH, and temperature; experimentally supported pKa where available","Hazard evidence status: Conhydrine-specific, mixture-derived, analogue-derived, conflicting, or unavailable; endpoint and source recorded"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["As a pure substance a colourless crystalline solid that cannot be identified by appearance.","It occurs in poison hemlock, a tall plant with purple-blotched stems and finely divided leaves.","Identity is settled only by laboratory analysis."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["Reconcile a conhydrine label with a structure, stereochemical specification, and external identifiers.","Compare analytical evidence with an authenticated reference and identify remaining identity gaps.","Assess whether chemical and stereochemical purity meet a stated analytical purpose.","Normalize assay or concentration to the declared free-base or salt basis when composition is known.","Select applicable storage and handling instructions from evidence matching the actual material.","Flag unsupported property transfers, conflicting identifiers, or samples requiring further characterization."]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Poisoning of people or livestock that eat hemlock.","Confusion of hemlock with edible plants by foragers."]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS), United Nations."]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Conhydrine is encountered in chemical investigations of poison hemlock and its alkaloid constituents.","Isolated or synthesized samples are relevant to natural product identification, stereochemical studies and analytical research."]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q409921: conhydrine","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q409921","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Conhydrine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conhydrine","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Does vr.tr.conhydrine specifically denote the stereoisomer represented by PubChem CID 11744748, or does its originating registry record leave stereochemistry unspecified?","Which CAS and EC mappings are authoritative for that scope, and how should historical names and differently specified database records be reconciled?","Which primary measurements establish reliable melting, boiling, optical rotation, solubility, and pKa values for authenticated conhydrine of a stated form and purity?","What conhydrine-specific toxicological evidence supports hazard classification, and are any substance-specific occupational exposure limits established?","Which validated methods and stability studies adequately distinguish conhydrine from related alkaloids and stereoisomers throughout storage and analytical use?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q409921/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q409921/spec.json"],"providers":["Codex"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T08:50:43Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:30+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}