{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.hilum","code":"thing-q4131640","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q4131640/","name":"hilum","alternateNames":[],"kind":"thing","status":"research-draft","version":"0.1.0-research.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.LIV"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A hilum is a localized attachment or passage region in a biological structure, notably the scar marking a seed's former attachment to its funiculus or the region of an organ through which vessels, nerves, or ducts pass.","purpose":"Enable an agent to identify a hilum in its biological context, record its boundaries and condition, and select appropriate observation or specialist assessment.","scope":{"in":["Resolution of the biological meaning of hilum for each observation","Relationship to the containing seed, organ, or other biological structure","Location, boundaries, dimensions, and visible morphology","Former attachments or structures crossing the hilar region, where applicable","Observed condition and limits of identification"],"out":["Whole-organism taxonomy, distribution, and conservation assessment","Complete anatomy or physiology of the containing organ","Complete seed development, germination, and cultivation models","Independent models of vessels, nerves, ducts, or attachment stalks","Disease diagnosis and treatment protocols"],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Require a named biological host and sense: a seed scar and an organ hilum cannot share an unqualified anatomical description.","For a seed hilum, establish evidence of former attachment rather than identifying any pale patch, pore, or abrasion as the hilum.","Distinguish the seed attachment scar from the micropyle and adjacent seed-coat structures using a relevant morphological reference.","For an organ hilum, identify the localized entry-and-exit region rather than equating it with the entire organ or the structures traversing it.","For a starch-grain or spore usage, require a context-specific definition rather than importing seed or organ criteria."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"hilar-meaning","name":"Hilar meaning","description":"Resolve what hilum denotes before applying structural or functional expectations.","layers":[{"id":"documented-sense","name":"Documented sense","description":"Select a meaning supported by biological context.","findings":[{"id":"multiple-biological-usages","name":"Multiple biological usages","description":"Botanical terminology includes seed scars, starch-grain reference points, and spore attachment features under hilum; these require separate recognition criteria. See [Missouri Botanical Garden terminology](https://www.mobot.org/mobot/latindict/keyDetail.aspx?keyWord=Hhilum).","questions":[{"text":"Which documented biological meaning applies to this instance?","id":"multiple-biological-usages-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"What registry provenance or specimen context supports that choice?","id":"multiple-biological-usages-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"host-and-instance","name":"Host and instance","description":"Bind the feature to a particular containing structure.","findings":[{"id":"feature-ownership","name":"Feature ownership","description":"Require a host reference and distinguish a particular observed hilum from a general description of hila.","questions":[{"text":"Which seed, organ, grain, or other structure bears this hilum?","id":"feature-ownership-q01","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Does the evidence describe this specimen or only its biological type?","id":"feature-ownership-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"seed-attachment-scar","name":"Seed attachment scar","description":"Apply seed-specific recognition only when the seed sense is supported.","layers":[{"id":"attachment-origin","name":"Attachment origin","description":"Establish why the observed mark qualifies as a hilum.","findings":[{"id":"former-seed-attachment","name":"Former seed attachment","description":"In seed terminology, the hilum marks the former attachment to the funiculus or placenta. See [Missouri Botanical Garden terminology](https://www.mobot.org/mobot/latindict/keyDetail.aspx?keyWord=Hhilum).","questions":[{"text":"What supports interpreting this mark as an attachment scar?","id":"former-seed-attachment-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the attachment history observed directly or inferred from a reference?","id":"former-seed-attachment-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"seed-surface-boundaries","name":"Seed surface boundaries","description":"Separate the scar from neighboring seed features.","findings":[{"id":"scar-delimitation","name":"Scar delimitation","description":"Record which visible margin belongs to the hilum and which belongs to an adjacent feature or damaged seed coat.","questions":[{"text":"How is this hilum distinguished from the micropyle, raphe, outgrowths, and abrasions in this host?","id":"scar-delimitation-q01","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"What are the scar's length and width under the stated boundary convention?","id":"scar-delimitation-q02","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Would another view or greater magnification resolve its uncertain edge?","id":"scar-delimitation-q03","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"organ-hilar-region","name":"Organ hilar region","description":"Apply organ-specific localization and connection mapping when the anatomical sense is supported.","layers":[{"id":"organ-localization","name":"Organ localization","description":"Locate the hilum relative to the organ surface and surrounding anatomy.","findings":[{"id":"host-specific-hilar-boundary","name":"Host-specific hilar boundary","description":"Require a named organ, side where applicable, and an explicit boundary convention; distinguish the surface region from its depiction in an image.","questions":[{"text":"Which organ and side contain the hilum being described?","id":"host-specific-hilar-boundary-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Does the annotation delimit the anatomical region or an imaging contour?","id":"host-specific-hilar-boundary-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"hilar-connections","name":"Hilar connections","description":"Record associated structures individually and according to evidence.","findings":[{"id":"observed-crossing-structures","name":"Observed crossing structures","description":"Distinguish a structure demonstrated to cross the hilar boundary from one merely adjacent to it; avoid transferring one organ's arrangement to another.","questions":[{"text":"Which structures are demonstrated to enter or leave through this region?","id":"observed-crossing-structures-q01","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"What observation establishes each connection and its orientation?","id":"observed-crossing-structures-q02","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which expected connections remain unobserved?","id":"observed-crossing-structures-q03","kind":"measurement"}]}]}]},{"id":"hilar-observation","name":"Hilar observation","description":"Make identification and measurement interpretable across specimens and methods.","layers":[{"id":"view-and-scale","name":"View and scale","description":"Record how the feature became visible and how measurements were obtained.","findings":[{"id":"measurement-interpretability","name":"Measurement interpretability","description":"Tie hilar dimensions to the selected sense, calibrated scale, viewing plane, and visible boundary.","questions":[{"text":"What method, viewing plane, and scale produced this observation?","id":"measurement-interpretability-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Is the measured extent complete, projected, or partly hidden?","id":"measurement-interpretability-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"condition-and-artifact","name":"Condition and artifact","description":"Separate visible alteration from its possible explanation.","findings":[{"id":"interpretable-hilar-condition","name":"Interpretable hilar condition","description":"Describe disruption, deformation, or obscuration without assigning an unsupported cause or functional consequence.","questions":[{"text":"Which hilar features are visibly altered, and against what matched reference?","id":"interpretable-hilar-condition-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Could sectioning, drying, handling, or imaging account for the appearance?","id":"interpretable-hilar-condition-q02","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"What additional observation would distinguish specimen condition from artifact?","id":"interpretable-hilar-condition-q03","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"hilar-interpretation-and-use","name":"Hilar interpretation and use","description":"Connect supported observations to identification, comparison, and next actions.","layers":[{"id":"matched-comparison","name":"Matched comparison","description":"Select comparisons that preserve biological meaning.","findings":[{"id":"comparable-hilar-features","name":"Comparable hilar features","description":"Compare instances only after aligning their biological sense, host, developmental context, and observation method.","questions":[{"text":"Do the compared hila share the same biological meaning and compatible host context?","id":"comparable-hilar-features-q01","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Which morphological differences remain after accounting for scale and preparation?","id":"comparable-hilar-features-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"evidence-limited-action","name":"Evidence-limited action","description":"Choose the next step according to what the hilar evidence actually establishes.","findings":[{"id":"hilar-evidence-to-action","name":"Hilar evidence to action","description":"Use supported hilar observations for annotation and targeted investigation; route broader physiological or clinical conclusions to the relevant host model.","questions":[{"text":"Does the evidence support identification, further examination, or specialist interpretation?","id":"hilar-evidence-to-action-q01","kind":"action"},{"text":"What independent evidence is needed before inferring seed viability or organ dysfunction?","id":"hilar-evidence-to-action-q02","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Which unresolved hilar observation determines the next useful examination?","id":"hilar-evidence-to-action-q03","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"evidence-and-external-alignment","name":"Evidence and external alignment","description":"What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.","layers":[{"id":"reported-evidence","name":"Reported evidence","description":"Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.","findings":[{"id":"evidence-confidence-notes","name":"Check these first","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these check these first hold for the sense of hilum this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-confidence-notes-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-kinds","name":"Kinds and varieties","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of hilum this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-kinds-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-standards-and-regulation","name":"Standards and regulation","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of hilum this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-real-world-use","name":"Real-world use","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of hilum this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-real-world-use-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards","name":"Failure modes and hazards","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of hilum this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-neighbours","name":"Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of hilum this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-neighbours-q01","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Identify and describe the hilum of a seed or organ from botanical and anatomical sources.","Annotate specimens or images for teaching and research."],"mustNot":["Interpret findings at the hilum of a person's lung or kidney scan as a diagnosis.","Use human tissue or scans outside the consent they were taken under.","Damage seeds or specimens in collections it has been asked only to catalogue."],"requiresHuman":["Discussing hilar findings in a person's own medical report."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Findings in human organs touch on serious diagnoses and must be handled carefully.","Seed banks hold irreplaceable genetic diversity."],"affectedParties":["Patients","Seed bank and herbarium keepers","Researchers"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns the structure; the clinic, herbarium or seed bank answers for specimens it keeps.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["Seed bank accession records"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q66530569","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.hilum","Wikidata: Q4131640 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4131640)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["Biological sense: seed attachment scar | organ entry-and-exit region | starch-grain hilum | spore attachment feature | other documented sense | unresolved","Containing structure: Reference to a particular seed, named organ, starch grain, or other documented host","Host-relative position: Surface, orientation, side, and landmarks appropriate to the selected sense","Hilar dimensions: Length and width in µm or mm; method and boundary convention required","Visible morphology: Recorded outline, relief, texture, and contrast against surrounding tissue","Attachment or crossing relationships: Former attachment, current attachment, entering structure, leaving structure, uncertain, or not applicable","Observed integrity: No visible disruption | disrupted | obscured | altered by preparation | indeterminate","Identification support: Reference-supported | provisional | conflicting | unidentifiable from available evidence"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["A scar or spot on a seed coat where it was attached, as on a bean.","An indented region on an organ where vessels and ducts enter."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["Assign a supported biological sense or retain an unresolved identification.","Locate and annotate the hilum on a specimen image using host-specific landmarks.","Measure its extent with a recorded scale and boundary convention.","Map former attachment or crossing relationships without inferring unseen connections.","Compare morphology with a reference matched to the host and developmental stage.","Request targeted imaging, microscopy, or specialist interpretation when identification or condition remains uncertain."]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Enlarged lymph nodes at the lung hilum can signal serious disease and need clinical review.","Mishandled seeds can lose viability."]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Terminologia Anatomica, issued by the Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology under the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists, standardizes names for anatomical structures including organ hila."]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["An organ hilum is encountered in anatomy, medical imaging and surgery as a localized region where vessels, nerves or ducts enter or leave an organ.","It serves as an anatomical landmark for describing these connections and assessing abnormalities near them."]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q4131640: hilum","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4131640","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Hilum (anatomy)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilum_%28anatomy%29","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Does the source registry intend a seed hilum, an anatomical hilum, or another biological meaning?","Does an existing Vercy model already own the intended concept, requiring this registry entry to link to it?","If the registry intends a broad concept, which biological usages belong here and which should remain terminology cross-references?","Which host-specific references establish reliable hilar boundaries, neighboring landmarks, and expected variation?","What evidence supports using hilar appearance to infer attachment history, function, viability, or abnormality in the selected host?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q4131640/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q4131640/spec.json"],"providers":["Codex"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T10:16:03Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{},"score":1.0}}