{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.genocide","code":"thing-q41397","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q41397/","name":"genocide","alternateNames":["transgender genocide","genocide of Indigenous peoples of the Americas","Argentinian genocide","Native American genocide in the United States","mass killings under communist regimes","Late Ottoman genocides","Genocide of Ukrainians","genocide committed by Russia","Paper genocide","Genocide of the Belarusian people","Genocides in history","ethnocide"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.2","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Activities and processes","entryKind":"thing","plane":"ACT","domain":["ACT.ACT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"Acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial or religious group, as defined in the 1948 Genocide Convention, including killing, causing serious harm, inflicting destructive conditions of life, preventing births and forcibly transferring children; genocide is a crime under international law prosecuted by international and national courts, is studied in genocide studies, and the application of the term to particular historical and contemporary events is often contested and is presented here with attribution.","purpose":"Let an agent explain the legal definition of genocide and its elements, describe recognised cases and prosecutions with attribution to courts and scholars, present contested applications of the term neutrally, and support prevention and remembrance education.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Specific intent","Protected groups","International crime","Contested attributions"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What genocide is.","layers":[{"id":"definition","name":"Definition","description":"Legal definition.","findings":[{"id":"definition-finding","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","questions":[{"text":"How does the Genocide Convention define genocide, and what are its elements of intent, acts and protected groups?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"How does genocide differ from crimes against humanity, war crimes and ethnic cleansing?","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"prosecution","name":"Prosecution","description":"Prosecution.","findings":[{"id":"prosecution-finding","name":"Prosecution","description":"Prosecution.","questions":[{"text":"How have international and national courts prosecuted genocide, and which judgements are landmark?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits a specific court?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"cases","name":"Cases","description":"Cases and attribution.","layers":[{"id":"recognised","name":"Recognised","description":"Recognised genocides.","findings":[{"id":"recognised-finding","name":"Recognised","description":"Recognised.","questions":[{"text":"Which events are recognised as genocide by courts, states and scholarly consensus, and on what evidence?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is denial of recognised genocides being avoided?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"contested","name":"Contested","description":"Contested applications.","findings":[{"id":"contested-finding","name":"Contested","description":"Contested.","questions":[{"text":"Where the term is contested, such as for colonial violence, mass killings under particular regimes or contemporary claims, what are the attributed positions of scholars, states and affected communities?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the presentation neutral and attributed?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"prevent","name":"Prevent","description":"Prevention and response.","layers":[{"id":"prevention","name":"Prevention","description":"Prevention.","findings":[{"id":"prevention-finding","name":"Prevention","description":"Prevention.","questions":[{"text":"How do early warning, the responsibility to protect and international institutions aim to prevent genocide, according to the United Nations and researchers?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits the responsibility to protect?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"support","name":"Support","description":"Survivors and remembrance.","findings":[{"id":"support-finding","name":"Support","description":"Support.","questions":[{"text":"How are survivors supported, and how is remembrance organised?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is a user in distress, needing support resources?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"learn","name":"Learn","description":"Scholarship and teaching.","layers":[{"id":"scholarship","name":"Scholarship","description":"Genocide studies.","findings":[{"id":"scholarship-finding","name":"Scholarship","description":"Scholarship.","questions":[{"text":"How did the concept develop from Lemkin to the Convention and genocide studies, and which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which findings are debated?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"teach","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching.","findings":[{"id":"teach-finding","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching.","questions":[{"text":"How can genocide be taught accurately and with care for learners?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which misconceptions arise?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Explain the legal definition of genocide under the 1948 Genocide Convention.","Report genocides recognised by international courts and bodies, citing them.","Distinguish genocide from other atrocity crimes such as crimes against humanity."],"mustNot":["Deny or minimise genocides recognised by international courts or scholarly consensus.","Incite, glorify or assist acts of genocide or hatred against any group.","Apply the term to events without stating who has made the determination.","Present partisan claims about contested cases as settled."],"requiresHuman":["Publishing determinations on contested cases."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Genocide is the gravest crime; denial wounds survivors and can pave the way to new atrocities.","Inflated or partisan use of the term weakens its force."],"affectedParties":["Survivors and descendants","Targeted groups","Witnesses"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns the concept; international and national courts try the crime.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q116250089","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q173462","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q4817637","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q5153967","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q750215","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"crime against humanity","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"crimes against international law","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"judiciary","type":"related","note":"courts prosecuting genocide"},{"target":"war crime","type":"related","note":"a related international crime"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.genocide","Wikidata: Q41397 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41397)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Intent to destroy a protected group","Defined by the Genocide Convention","Crimes against humanity and ethnic cleansing are related but distinct legal concepts","Not physical; a crime and a historical category."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain the legal definition","describe cases with attribution","present contested applications neutrally","support education"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Denial or minimisation of recognised genocides","Partisan or inflationary use of the term","Distressing content presented without care"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Genocide Convention of 1948","Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court","National genocide laws and recognition resolutions"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["The crime of destroying a group.","genocides recognised by international courts","genocides recognised by states and scholars","contested characterisations of events as genocide","genocide prevention and early warning","remembrance and education"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q41397: genocide","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41397","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Genocide","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genocide","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should each recognised genocide be a separate entry?","How should court judgements be linked?","How should contested cases be attributed?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q41397/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q41397/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T01:03:12Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:51:59+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane ACT: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}