{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.cocaine","code":"thing-q41576","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q41576/","name":"cocaine","alternateNames":["black cocaine"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.1.0-research.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.OBJ"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"Cocaine is the tropane alkaloid methyl (1R,2R,3S,5S)-3-(benzoyloxy)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate obtained from Erythroxylum coca and related species; it blocks voltage-gated sodium channels and monoamine transporters and is controlled as a narcotic while retaining a narrow licensed use as a topical local anaesthetic and vasoconstrictor.","purpose":"Enable an AI agent to recognise cocaine-bearing material, judge the evidence for its identity and condition, and determine which handling or disposition actions are supported and authorised.","scope":{"in":["Confirmed, suspected or misidentified cocaine in physical samples, lots and residues","Cocaine chemical form and physical presentation, including distinctions between substance and containing mixture","Cocaine quantity, concentration, analytical confidence and sampling limitations","Co-constituents, contamination, material condition and fitness for a stated purpose","Cocaine-specific handling, custody, authorisation and disposition constraints"],"out":["Coca plants, cultivation and agricultural production","Extraction, synthesis and conversion procedures","Complete medicinal-product specifications and clinical administration protocols","People, intoxication diagnoses, dependence and treatment plans","Trafficking organisations, transactions and criminal investigations","Biological specimens and environmental systems beyond their relation to detected cocaine"],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Require analytical evidence that distinguishes cocaine from other stimulants, local anaesthetics and visually similar materials; record what the method actually discriminates.","Distinguish cocaine base from cocaine hydrochloride using chemical-form evidence rather than appearance: both can be white powders. [EUDA cocaine profile](https://www.euda.europa.eu/publications/drug-profiles/cocaine_en)","Distinguish cocaine itself from related compounds such as benzoylecgonine; evidence for a metabolite must not automatically establish cocaine in the same sample. [EUDA cocaine profile](https://www.euda.europa.eu/publications/drug-profiles/cocaine_en)","Distinguish the cocaine constituent from the entire powder, solution, residue or other containing material through a stated assay and reporting basis.","Distinguish a verified medicinal preparation from material merely described as pharmaceutical through product, lot and supply records; labelled cocaine hydrochloride nasal solutions provide a concrete medicinal-product case. [DailyMed label](https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=4e3b2f6b-1b57-40bc-872b-01c0a3c7986e)"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"cocaine-identity-and-form","name":"Cocaine identity and form","description":"Establish what is being called cocaine and which chemical and physical form is evidenced.","layers":[{"id":"identity-evidence","name":"Identity evidence","description":"Separate reported identity from what an examination actually establishes.","findings":[{"id":"cocaine-identification","name":"Cocaine identification","description":"Record the cocaine identity conclusion, supporting report and unresolved alternatives.","questions":[{"text":"Is cocaine reported, presumptively indicated, analytically confirmed or not detected within specified limits?","id":"cocaine-identification-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which examination supports that conclusion, and which similar substances or related compounds can it distinguish?","id":"cocaine-identification-q02","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Can the report be traced to this particular material and sampling event?","id":"cocaine-identification-q03","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"chemical-form-and-presentation","name":"Chemical form and presentation","description":"Represent chemical form separately from street terminology, product wording and appearance.","findings":[{"id":"form-resolution","name":"Form resolution","description":"Record the evidenced cocaine form and the material in which it occurs.","questions":[{"text":"Is the cocaine present as base, hydrochloride, another evidenced salt or an unresolved form?","id":"form-resolution-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Does a label such as crack or powder describe an observed presentation, an analytical conclusion or only a reported name?","id":"form-resolution-q02","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the model instance the cocaine constituent, a cocaine-bearing mixture or a residue linked to another object?","id":"form-resolution-q03","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"cocaine-content-and-mixture","name":"Cocaine content and mixture","description":"Establish how much cocaine is present and what is known about accompanying material.","layers":[{"id":"content-and-reporting-basis","name":"Content and reporting basis","description":"Make cocaine assays interpretable and comparable.","findings":[{"id":"quantified-cocaine-content","name":"Quantified cocaine content","description":"Record content with units, chemical basis, uncertainty and the material quantity to which it applies.","questions":[{"text":"What cocaine content was measured, using which method and with what uncertainty or reporting limits?","id":"quantified-cocaine-content-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Is the result expressed as cocaine base equivalent, a specified salt or another explicitly defined basis?","id":"quantified-cocaine-content-q02","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Does the quantity refer to the tested portion, the whole mixture or an estimated lot total?","id":"quantified-cocaine-content-q03","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"co-constituents-and-sampling","name":"Co-constituents and sampling","description":"Bound conclusions about mixture composition and uniformity.","findings":[{"id":"mixture-knowledge","name":"Mixture knowledge","description":"Distinguish identified co-constituents from untested possibilities and document the limits of sample coverage.","questions":[{"text":"Which other constituents were detected, which were tested but not detected, and which were outside the analytical panel?","id":"mixture-knowledge-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What sampling evidence supports applying this cocaine assay and co-constituent profile to the rest of the lot?","id":"mixture-knowledge-q02","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Are proposed roles such as adulterant, excipient or process impurity evidenced or merely inferred?","id":"mixture-knowledge-q03","kind":"definition"}]}]}]},{"id":"cocaine-condition-and-quality","name":"Cocaine condition and quality","description":"Assess whether present material condition supports reliance on earlier assays and any stated quality claim.","layers":[{"id":"condition-since-assay","name":"Condition since assay","description":"Connect current condition to the state of the material when tested.","findings":[{"id":"assay-continuity","name":"Assay continuity","description":"Record changes and evidence gaps that could invalidate reliance on an earlier cocaine result.","questions":[{"text":"What storage, opening, mixing or contamination events have occurred since the cocaine assay?","id":"assay-continuity-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is there evidence of composition change, degradation or sample substitution requiring reassessment?","id":"assay-continuity-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"purpose-specific-quality","name":"Purpose-specific quality","description":"Evaluate quality claims against a named intended purpose and applicable evidence.","findings":[{"id":"quality-claim-support","name":"Quality claim support","description":"Keep analytical identity, reference-material certification and medicinal-product release as separate conclusions.","questions":[{"text":"Is the material claimed to be an analytical reference, a medicinal preparation or another category, and what documentation supports that claim?","id":"quality-claim-support-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which cocaine-specific assay or impurity criteria apply to the stated purpose, and have they been assessed?","id":"quality-claim-support-q02","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What unmet quality requirement prevents the proposed use or requires further review?","id":"quality-claim-support-q03","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"cocaine-exposure-and-use-boundaries","name":"Cocaine exposure and use boundaries","description":"Connect the material to exposure concerns and the limits of any proposed use.","layers":[{"id":"material-exposure-assessment","name":"Material exposure assessment","description":"Describe plausible contact with the actual cocaine-bearing material and the evidence needed for handling decisions.","findings":[{"id":"exposure-context","name":"Exposure context","description":"Record material form, containment and composition uncertainties relevant to a potential or reported exposure.","questions":[{"text":"What contact or release is plausible or reported for this powder, solution or residue, and what evidence supports that assessment?","id":"exposure-context-q01","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"Which handling instructions apply to the identified cocaine form or containing product, and what composition uncertainty remains?","id":"exposure-context-q02","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Does the situation require containment, specialist assessment or a handoff to an emergency-response model?","id":"exposure-context-q03","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"medicinal-use-boundary","name":"Medicinal-use boundary","description":"Identify the product evidence and professional decision context required for a proposed medicinal use.","findings":[{"id":"medicinal-product-handoff","name":"Medicinal-product handoff","description":"Record whether a medicinal claim is supported and link decisions about administration to the relevant product and clinical models.","questions":[{"text":"Does the proposed use refer to an identifiable authorised cocaine medicinal product with a current applicable label?","id":"medicinal-product-handoff-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which product restrictions must be passed to the clinical decision-maker before any administration decision?","id":"medicinal-product-handoff-q02","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which patient-specific questions remain owned by a clinical model rather than this cocaine material model?","id":"medicinal-product-handoff-q03","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"cocaine-authority-and-accountability","name":"Cocaine authority and accountability","description":"Establish who may perform a proposed action with this cocaine-bearing material and how its disposition is evidenced.","layers":[{"id":"action-specific-authority","name":"Action-specific authority","description":"Evaluate proposed actions using current, applicable authority.","findings":[{"id":"authorised-cocaine-action","name":"Authorised cocaine action","description":"Record the basis and limits of permission for possession, analysis, transfer, medicinal use or disposal.","questions":[{"text":"Which jurisdiction, date and legal material classification apply to the proposed cocaine-related action?","id":"authorised-cocaine-action-q01","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"What authoritative rule and actor-specific licence or exemption support permission, and what conditions remain unmet?","id":"authorised-cocaine-action-q02","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the action supported, prohibited or unresolved on the available evidence?","id":"authorised-cocaine-action-q03","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"custody-and-disposition","name":"Custody and disposition","description":"Preserve the relationship between cocaine-bearing quantities, their analytical evidence and their final disposition.","findings":[{"id":"cocaine-material-reconciliation","name":"Cocaine material reconciliation","description":"Track accountable material quantities without confusing gross mixture mass with measured cocaine content.","questions":[{"text":"Which custody and subdivision records connect the current material to its cocaine identification and assay?","id":"cocaine-material-reconciliation-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Do receipts, retained portions, analytical consumption, transfers and disposal reconcile on an explicitly stated quantity basis?","id":"cocaine-material-reconciliation-q02","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What evidence is required to close an authorised transfer or disposal and resolve any discrepancy?","id":"cocaine-material-reconciliation-q03","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"evidence-and-external-alignment","name":"Evidence and external alignment","description":"What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.","layers":[{"id":"reported-evidence","name":"Reported evidence","description":"Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.","findings":[{"id":"evidence-kinds","name":"Kinds and varieties","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of cocaine this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-kinds-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-identifiers","name":"Identifiers and schemes","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of cocaine this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-identifiers-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-standards-and-regulation","name":"Standards and regulation","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of cocaine this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-real-world-use","name":"Real-world use","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of cocaine this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-real-world-use-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-measurements","name":"Typical measurements","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of cocaine this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-measurements-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards","name":"Failure modes and hazards","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of cocaine this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-regional-variation","name":"Regional variation","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of cocaine this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-regional-variation-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-neighbours","name":"Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of cocaine this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-neighbours-q01","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Describe cocaine's pharmacology, legal status and health effects from authoritative sources.","Point people who ask about cocaine use to harm reduction, addiction and emergency services.","Support licensed clinical and research users with records the law requires them to keep."],"mustNot":["Assist in making, extracting, refining, cutting or concealing cocaine.","Help buy, sell, transport or smuggle it, or evade detection by authorities.","Encourage or glamorize its use, or advise on dosing for non-medical use.","Accuse a named person of using or dealing it without evidence."],"requiresHuman":["Any handling of cocaine under a medical or research licence.","Reporting suspected trafficking that involves identifiable people."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Cocaine causes addiction, heart attacks and deaths, and its trade drives violence in producing and transit countries.","People who use drugs deserve care and dignity rather than stigma."],"affectedParties":["People who use it and their families","Communities affected by the drug trade","Coca-growing farmers"]},"owners":{"steward":"Controlled by law; only licensed medical, pharmaceutical and research holders may lawfully keep it.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["National controlled substance registers and licences","International narcotics control statistics"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q101487","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q10268802","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q105381234","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q72801119","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.cocaine","Wikidata: Q41576 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41576)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["Cocaine identity assessment: Unassessed, suspected, presumptive, confirmed, inconclusive, not detected within stated limits, or contradicted","Chemical form: Base, hydrochloride, other evidenced salt, mixed forms, or unresolved","Physical presentation and matrix: Powder, crystalline material, lump, solution, residue, or other described matrix","Cocaine content: Mass fraction, mg/g, mg/mL or total mass, with chemical basis, uncertainty and method","Analytical coverage: Linked sample, method, laboratory report, test date, detection limits and analytes covered","Co-constituent assessment: Detected, tested but not detected within stated limits, not tested, or unresolved, per constituent","Material condition: Assessed against stated criteria, compromised, changed since testing, or unknown","Sample-to-lot relationship: Parent lot, sampling event, sampled portion and supported representativeness","Action authorisation: Action, jurisdiction, effective date, responsible actor, authority and conditions"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Usually a white crystalline powder; a smokable base form appears as off-white rocks.","Identity can only be confirmed by laboratory testing, not by appearance."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["Associate cocaine identity claims with analytical evidence and revise their confidence.","Request authorised laboratory identification or composition assessment for a specified uncertainty.","Compare cocaine content results after checking chemical basis, units and sampling scope.","Flag cocaine-bearing material for restricted handling or specialist review when evidence or condition is insufficient.","Evaluate a proposed possession, transfer, analytical use, medicinal-use handoff or disposal against recorded authority.","Reconcile cocaine-bearing quantities and document authorised disposition."]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Heart attack, stroke, seizures and sudden death, even in first-time users.","Addiction and serious mental health effects.","Street supply is often adulterated with other dangerous substances."]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961, United Nations."]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Cocaine is encountered in controlled pharmaceutical settings for limited topical local anaesthetic and vasoconstrictor applications.","It is also examined in forensic laboratories, toxicology services and research concerning stimulant exposure.","Material assessment distinguishes documented pharmaceutical preparations from unidentified or illicit mixtures."]}},"sources":[{"title":"PubChem Compound Summary for CID 446220, Cocaine","url":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/446220","note":"Chemical identity, CAS, InChIKey, molar mass, melting points, and structure"},{"title":"Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961, as amended","url":"https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/treaties/single-convention.html","note":"International scheduling of cocaine and coca leaf and the distinction between traditional leaf use and the isolated alkaloid"},{"title":"Controlled Substances Act Schedule II listing for cocaine (DEA drug code 9041)","url":"https://www.dea.gov/drug-information/drug-scheduling","note":"United States narcotic scheduling and the residual accepted medical use that keeps cocaine in Schedule II rather than I"},{"title":"DrugBank: Cocaine (DB00907)","url":"https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00907","note":""},{"title":"World Drug Report (cocaine market chapters)","url":"","note":"Illicit product forms (HCl, base, paste), purity variation, and regional consumption patterns"},{"title":"Wikidata item Q41576: cocaine","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41576","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Cocaine","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocaine","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Does an existing Vercy world model already own cocaine or an equivalent concept, requiring this registry entry to link to it instead of creating another model?","With no registry definition recorded, where should the boundary lie between cocaine itself, cocaine-bearing mixtures, coca paste and containing medicinal products?","Which authoritative analytical criteria should distinguish presumptive from confirmed cocaine identification in each intended operational setting?","Which form-specific stability evidence and purpose-specific impurity criteria are sufficient to judge whether an earlier assay remains applicable?","Which jurisdictions and authorised workflows must the first implementation support, and how will changes to applicable rules and product labels be maintained?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q41576/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q41576/spec.json"],"providers":["Codex","Grok"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-07T09:58:58Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:30+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 4 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}