{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.methyltransferase","code":"thing-q415875","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q415875/","name":"methyltransferase","alternateNames":["protein methyltransferases","RNA methyltransferase","Putrescine N-methyltransferase","Magnesium protoporphyrin IX methyltransferase","Nicotinate N-methyltransferase","Methionine S-methyltransferase","nicotinamide N-methyltransferase","(RS)-norcoclaurine 6-O-methyltransferase","(S)-coclaurine-N-methyltransferase","(S)-scoulerine 9-O-methyltransferase","(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase","(ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase)-lysine N-methyltransferase"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.3","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.MAT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"An enzyme that transfers a methyl group from a donor, usually S-adenosyl methionine, to a substrate such as DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids or small molecules, forming a large class within the transferases that includes DNA methyltransferases regulating gene expression, RNA methyltransferases modifying transcripts, protein methyltransferases acting on histones and other proteins, and small-molecule enzymes such as putrescine N-methyltransferase in alkaloid biosynthesis, magnesium protoporphyrin IX methyltransferase in chlorophyll synthesis, nicotinate and methionine methyltransferases; methyltransferases are central to epigenetics and are drug targets.","purpose":"Let an agent explain methyltransferases and their classes, relay mechanisms, substrates and biological roles from biochemistry references, describe medical and biotechnological relevance, and distinguish methyltransferases from demethylases and from other transferases.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Methyl transfer","SAM dependence","Diverse substrates","Epigenetic roles"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What methyltransferases are.","layers":[{"id":"definition","name":"Definition","description":"Definition and mechanism.","findings":[{"id":"definition-finding","name":"Definition","description":"Definition.","questions":[{"text":"What is a methyltransferase, and how does methyl transfer from S-adenosyl methionine work?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the question about the class, a specific enzyme or demethylation?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"classes","name":"Classes","description":"Classes.","findings":[{"id":"classes-finding","name":"Classes","description":"Classes.","questions":[{"text":"How do DNA, RNA, protein and small-molecule methyltransferases differ, including the specific enzymes named in the registry?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific enzyme?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"biology","name":"Biology","description":"Biological roles.","layers":[{"id":"epigenetics","name":"Epigenetics","description":"Epigenetics.","findings":[{"id":"epigenetics-finding","name":"Epigenetics","description":"Epigenetics.","questions":[{"text":"How do DNA and histone methyltransferases regulate gene expression?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"metabolism","name":"Metabolism","description":"Metabolism and biosynthesis.","findings":[{"id":"metabolism-finding","name":"Metabolism","description":"Metabolism.","questions":[{"text":"What roles do methyltransferases play in alkaloid, chlorophyll, cofactor and neurotransmitter metabolism?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"medicine","name":"Medicine","description":"Medicine and biotechnology.","layers":[{"id":"disease","name":"Disease","description":"Disease and drugs.","findings":[{"id":"disease-finding","name":"Disease","description":"Disease.","questions":[{"text":"How are methyltransferases involved in cancer and other diseases, and how do inhibitors work, in general terms?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the user asking about their own treatment, which needs a clinician?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"tools","name":"Tools","description":"Research tools.","findings":[{"id":"tools-finding","name":"Tools","description":"Tools.","questions":[{"text":"How are methyltransferases used in epigenome editing and biotechnology?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits epigenome editing?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"Structure and history.","layers":[{"id":"structure","name":"Structure","description":"Structure.","findings":[{"id":"structure-finding","name":"Structure","description":"Structure.","questions":[{"text":"What structural families of methyltransferases exist, and how do they bind SAM?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits SET domain?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History.","findings":[{"id":"history-finding","name":"History","description":"History.","questions":[{"text":"How were methyltransferases and DNA methylation discovered?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits the history of epigenetics?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Explain the classes and functions of methyltransferases, citing biochemistry sources.","Relay published research on their roles in gene regulation and disease."],"mustNot":["Overstate preliminary research as established cures.","Give medical advice about drugs that target these enzymes.","Misrepresent epigenetic findings as determining a person's fate."],"requiresHuman":["Interpreting genetic or epigenetic tests for a person."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Claims about epigenetics can be misused to blame or stigmatize groups.","Patients may be misled by hype around experimental therapies."],"affectedParties":["Patients","Research participants"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns the enzyme class; it belongs to science.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["Enzyme nomenclature databases"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q407355","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q74797060","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"transferase","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"one-carbon group transferase","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"S-adenosyl methionine","type":"related","note":"as methyl donor"},{"target":"demethylase","type":"related","note":"which removes methyl groups"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.methyltransferase","Wikidata: Q415875 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415875)","EC: 2.1.1 methyltransferases","GO: GO:0008168 methyltransferase activity"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["EC class: EC 2.1.1 code","main donor: S-adenosyl methionine molecule","human methyltransferases: over 200 count - estimates"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Enzyme transferring methyl groups","DNA, RNA and protein methyltransferases; putrescine, magnesium protoporphyrin IX, nicotinate and methionine methyltransferases","Demethylases remove methyl groups; other transferases move different groups","Not a visible object; enzymes."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain classes and mechanism","relay substrates and roles","describe medical relevance","distinguish related enzymes"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Confusing methyltransferases with demethylases","Overgeneralising across substrate classes","Agents giving personal medical advice on epigenetic drugs"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Enzyme nomenclature of the IUBMB","Drug regulation for methyltransferase inhibitors"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Not applicable; an enzyme class.","DNA methyltransferases such as DNMT1 and DNMT3","RNA methyltransferases such as METTL3","protein and histone methyltransferases such as EZH2","small-molecule N-, O- and S-methyltransferases including putrescine, nicotinate and methionine methyltransferases","methyltransferases in chlorophyll and cofactor biosynthesis such as magnesium protoporphyrin IX methyltransferase","structural families such as Rossmann-fold and SET-domain enzymes"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q415875: methyltransferase","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415875","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Methyltransferase","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methyltransferase","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should DNA methyltransferase and histone methyltransferase be separate primary entries?","How should biochemistry references be linked?","The registry entry has merged aliases naming specific enzymes; should they be split off?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q415875/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q415875/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-13T05:36:56Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:51:59+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}