{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.hypothesis","code":"thing-q41719","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q41719/","name":"hypothesis","alternateNames":["taxon hypothesis","one-electron universe","Panspermia","existential risk from artificial intelligence","gravitational decoherence","research hypothesis","testable hypothesis","unifying hypothesis","auxiliary hypotheses","dynasty replacement theory","predictive hypothesis","explanatory hypothesis"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Information and virtual systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"INF","domain":["INF.KNW"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A proposed explanation or testable statement made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for investigation, such as a research hypothesis in science, a taxon hypothesis in biology, or speculative proposals like panspermia; a good hypothesis is falsifiable, and testing can support, challenge or refine it, while theories serve as broader explanatory frameworks rather than a status that hypotheses attain through accumulated testing.","purpose":"Let an agent help formulate, evaluate and test hypotheses, distinguish hypotheses from theories and speculation, and present unconfirmed hypotheses with appropriate uncertainty and attribution.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Proposed explanation","Testable and falsifiable","Provisional","Basis of investigation"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"formulate","name":"Formulate","description":"Making a hypothesis.","layers":[{"id":"state","name":"State","description":"Stating it.","findings":[{"id":"state-finding","name":"State","description":"Stating.","questions":[{"text":"What is the hypothesis, stated precisely and testably?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"What would falsify it?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"predictions","name":"Predictions","description":"Deriving predictions.","findings":[{"id":"predictions-finding","name":"Predictions","description":"Predictions.","questions":[{"text":"Which observable predictions follow from the hypothesis?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which alternatives predict differently?","kind":"definition"}]}]}]},{"id":"test","name":"Test","description":"Testing.","layers":[{"id":"design","name":"Design","description":"Study design.","findings":[{"id":"design-finding","name":"Design","description":"Design.","questions":[{"text":"How can the hypothesis be tested, and what design controls confounds?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Should the study be preregistered?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"statistics","name":"Statistics","description":"Null hypotheses.","findings":[{"id":"statistics-finding","name":"Statistics","description":"Statistics.","questions":[{"text":"What are the null and alternative hypotheses, and which test applies?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"What do p-values and effect sizes mean here?","kind":"definition"}]}]}]},{"id":"status","name":"Status","description":"Hypothesis or theory.","layers":[{"id":"terms","name":"Terms","description":"Terminology.","findings":[{"id":"terms-finding","name":"Terms","description":"Terminology.","questions":[{"text":"Is this a hypothesis, a theory or speculation, and how is the term used in this field?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is uncertainty communicated clearly?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"speculative","name":"Speculative","description":"Famous hypotheses.","findings":[{"id":"speculative-finding","name":"Speculative","description":"Famous hypotheses.","questions":[{"text":"What is the status of hypotheses such as panspermia, according to the scientific community?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Who proposed them, and what evidence exists?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"practice","name":"Practice","description":"Everyday and research use.","layers":[{"id":"everyday","name":"Everyday","description":"Working hypotheses.","findings":[{"id":"everyday-finding","name":"Everyday","description":"Working hypotheses.","questions":[{"text":"How can hypothesis thinking help solve this practical problem?","kind":"action"},{"text":"How can confirmation bias be avoided?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"integrity","name":"Integrity","description":"Research integrity.","findings":[{"id":"integrity-finding","name":"Integrity","description":"Integrity.","questions":[{"text":"Which practices such as preregistration guard against HARKing and p-hacking?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"How should negative results be reported?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Help state a hypothesis clearly and identify how it could be tested.","Report a hypothesis with its author, evidence and current status."],"mustNot":["Present a hypothesis as an established finding.","Change a hypothesis after seeing the data and present it as if stated beforehand.","Attribute a hypothesis to someone who did not propose it."],"requiresHuman":["Publishing or registering a hypothesis on behalf of researchers."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Overstated hypotheses mislead the public, especially in health.","Credit for ideas belongs to those who proposed them."],"affectedParties":["Researchers","People affected by decisions based on research"]},"owners":{"steward":"The researcher who proposes it; the scientific community tests it.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["Study preregistration registries"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q108163","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q321703","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q386724","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"proposition","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"premise","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"experiment","type":"related","note":"method"},{"target":"logic","type":"related","note":"reasoning"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.hypothesis","Wikidata: Q41719 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41719)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Testable statements","Null and alternative forms in statistics","A theory is a well-supported explanatory framework","Not physical; statements in research and reasoning."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["formulate a testable hypothesis","design tests and identify predictions","distinguish hypothesis, theory and speculation","present hypotheses with attribution and uncertainty"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Presenting hypotheses as facts","Unfalsifiable claims","HARKing and p-hacking"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Research integrity and preregistration norms","Statistical reporting guidelines"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Scientific reasoning and research design.","research hypotheses","statistical null and alternative hypotheses","taxonomic hypotheses","speculative scientific hypotheses","working hypotheses in everyday reasoning"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q41719: hypothesis","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41719","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Hypothesis","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothesis","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should statistical hypothesis testing be a separate entry?","How should preregistration resources be linked?","How should speculative hypotheses be labelled?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q41719/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q41719/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-11T16:05:28Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:30+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane INF: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}