{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.esterase","code":"thing-q418750","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q418750/","name":"esterase","alternateNames":[],"kind":"thing","status":"research-draft","version":"0.2.0-wave.2","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"","entryKind":"","plane":"","domain":["PHY.MAT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A hydrolase enzyme that splits esters into an acid and an alcohol by adding water, including carboxylesterases, lipases, phosphatases and phosphodiesterases acting on phosphoric esters, sulfatases, thioesterases, pectinesterases and tannases in plants and microbes, and engineered enzymes such as PETase that degrade plastic; esterases occur in all organisms, function in metabolism, signalling, digestion and detoxification, and are used in industry and biotechnology.","purpose":"Let an agent explain esterases and their classification and mechanisms, describe biological roles and applications, identify families and specific enzymes with sources, and support learning.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Ester hydrolysis","Broad substrate classes","Serine hydrolase mechanism common","Industrial use"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What esterases are.","layers":[{"id":"mechanism","name":"Mechanism","description":"Mechanisms.","findings":[{"id":"mechanism-finding","name":"Mechanism","description":"Mechanisms.","questions":[{"text":"How do esterases hydrolyse esters, and how do serine hydrolases and metal-dependent esterases differ?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits a specific family?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"classes","name":"Classes","description":"Classification.","findings":[{"id":"classes-finding","name":"Classes","description":"Classes.","questions":[{"text":"How are esterases classified by substrate, from carboxylesterases to phosphatases and sulfatases?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits enzyme classification?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"biology","name":"Biology","description":"Biological roles.","layers":[{"id":"roles","name":"Roles","description":"Roles in organisms.","findings":[{"id":"roles-finding","name":"Roles","description":"Roles.","questions":[{"text":"What roles do esterases play in digestion, signalling, detoxification and plant cell walls?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits a specific process?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"disease","name":"Disease","description":"Disease and drugs.","findings":[{"id":"disease-finding","name":"Disease","description":"Disease.","questions":[{"text":"How are esterases involved in disease, drug metabolism and enzyme deficiencies, in general terms?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the user asking about their own condition, which needs a clinician?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"apply","name":"Apply","description":"Applications.","layers":[{"id":"industry","name":"Industry","description":"Industrial use.","findings":[{"id":"industry-finding","name":"Industry","description":"Industry.","questions":[{"text":"How are esterases used in food processing, detergents, biofuels and chemical synthesis?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits industrial enzymes?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"plastics","name":"Plastics","description":"Plastic degradation.","findings":[{"id":"plastics-finding","name":"Plastics","description":"Plastics.","questions":[{"text":"How do PETase and related enzymes degrade plastics, and what is the state of research?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which findings are uncertain?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"learn","name":"Learn","description":"History and teaching.","layers":[{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History.","findings":[{"id":"history-finding","name":"History","description":"History.","questions":[{"text":"How were esterases discovered and characterised?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"teach","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching.","findings":[{"id":"teach-finding","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching.","questions":[{"text":"How can ester hydrolysis be taught with enzyme examples?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which misconceptions arise?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["explain classification and mechanism","describe roles and applications","identify families","support learning"],"mustNot":[],"requiresHuman":[]},"ethics":{"considerations":[],"affectedParties":[]},"owners":{"steward":"","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"hydrolase","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"peptidase","type":"related","note":"another hydrolase class"},{"target":"glycoside","type":"related","note":"related natural compounds"},{"target":"pathogen","type":"related","note":"microbial enzymes"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":[]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":[]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Hydrolyses ester bonds","Carboxyl, phosphoric, sulfuric and thioesters","Peptidases cleave peptide bonds; glycosidases cleave glycosidic bonds","Not visible; proteins studied by structure and assay."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain classification and mechanism","describe roles and applications","identify families","support learning"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Confusing esterase subclasses","Overgeneralising mechanisms","Agents giving medical advice on enzyme deficiencies"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Enzyme nomenclature and classification","Laboratory biosafety rules","Regulation of industrial and food enzymes"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Enzymes that hydrolyse ester bonds.","carboxylesterases and lipases","phosphatases and phosphodiesterases","sulfatases","thioesterases","plant and microbial esterases such as pectinesterase, tannase and PETase"]}},"sources":[],"openQuestions":["Should each family be a separate entry?","How should enzyme databases be linked?","How should industrial applications be linked?","Which entry fits a specific family?","Which entry fits enzyme classification?","Which entry fits a specific process?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q418750/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q418750/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T02:35:53Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"derived","ethics":"missing","owners":"missing","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"missing","interaction.properties":"missing","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"missing"},"notes":{"agentConduct":"Affordances listed as what may be done; prohibitions collected from the text.","sources":"Written from model knowledge without web access; claims are unverified."},"score":0.676}}