{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.hydrology","code":"thing-q42250","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q42250/","name":"hydrology","alternateNames":["forest hydrology","watershed hydrology","applied hydrology","urban hydrology","ground water hydrology","historical hydrology","isotope hydrology","anthropogenic drought","water budget","hydrogeomorphology","potamology","agricultural hydrology"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.2","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Information and virtual systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"INF","domain":["INF.KNW"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"The science of water on and beneath the Earth surface, its occurrence, movement, distribution and quality, including surface water, groundwater, watersheds, forest and urban hydrology, and applied hydrology for water supply, flood forecasting and engineering; hydrology combines measurement, modelling and history to manage water resources and hazards.","purpose":"Let an agent explain hydrological concepts and subfields, interpret hydrological data and models, support water management and flood questions with sources, and support learning.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Water cycle focus","Measurement and modelling","Applied and basic","Hazard and resource relevance"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What hydrology studies.","layers":[{"id":"concepts","name":"Concepts","description":"Core concepts.","findings":[{"id":"concepts-finding","name":"Concepts","description":"Concepts.","questions":[{"text":"What are the main processes hydrology studies, such as precipitation, infiltration, runoff, evapotranspiration and groundwater flow?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"What is a water balance?","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"subfields","name":"Subfields","description":"Subfields.","findings":[{"id":"subfields-finding","name":"Subfields","description":"Subfields.","questions":[{"text":"What do forest, urban, groundwater and historical hydrology study?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits a specific subfield?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"apply","name":"Apply","description":"Water and floods.","layers":[{"id":"floods","name":"Floods","description":"Flood risk.","findings":[{"id":"floods-finding","name":"Floods","description":"Floods.","questions":[{"text":"What is the flood risk for this location, according to official maps and forecasts, and how is it modelled?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is a flood warning in force now?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"resources","name":"Resources","description":"Water resources.","findings":[{"id":"resources-finding","name":"Resources","description":"Resources.","questions":[{"text":"How are water resources assessed and managed here, and what does hydrology say about drought and supply?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"How does climate change affect the water cycle, according to research?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"measure","name":"Measure","description":"Data and models.","layers":[{"id":"data","name":"Data","description":"Hydrometric data.","findings":[{"id":"data-finding","name":"Data","description":"Data.","questions":[{"text":"How are river flow, groundwater levels and rainfall measured, and where are data published?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"How reliable are the records?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"models","name":"Models","description":"Hydrological models.","findings":[{"id":"models-finding","name":"Models","description":"Models.","questions":[{"text":"How do hydrological models work, and how is their uncertainty assessed?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which models are used for this purpose?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"learn","name":"Learn","description":"Study and history.","layers":[{"id":"careers","name":"Careers","description":"Careers in hydrology.","findings":[{"id":"careers-finding","name":"Careers","description":"Careers.","questions":[{"text":"How does one train as a hydrologist, and where do they work?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which skills are needed?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History of hydrology.","findings":[{"id":"history-finding","name":"History","description":"History.","questions":[{"text":"How did hydrology develop as a science, and what is historical hydrology?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Report river levels, flows and groundwater data from official monitoring networks, with times and stations.","Explain hydrological concepts such as catchments, runoff and recharge."],"mustNot":["Present a flood forecast without its uncertainty or as more precise than the model allows.","Fill gaps in measured data with estimates without labelling them.","Contradict or replace official flood warnings issued by the responsible authority.","Understate flood risk for a property or area to support a sale or permit."],"requiresHuman":["Issuing warnings or operating structures such as sluices and dams that affect people downstream."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Flood and drought forecasts guide decisions that protect lives and homes.","Water allocation decisions affect farmers, cities and ecosystems unequally."],"affectedParties":["People in flood-prone areas","Water users","River and wetland ecosystems"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns the science; national hydrological services hold the official monitoring records.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["National hydrological monitoring databases"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q336","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"science","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"drainage basin","type":"related","note":"a core unit"},{"target":"waterway","type":"related","note":"managed waters"},{"target":"snow line","type":"related","note":"snow hydrology"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.hydrology","Wikidata: Q42250 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42250)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"recognition":{"applicability":"optional","items":["Study of water occurrence and movement","Surface and groundwater","Oceanography studies the seas; meteorology the atmosphere","Not physical; a science with data, models and instruments."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain hydrological concepts","interpret data and models","support water management and flood questions","support learning"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Model uncertainty in forecasts","Data gaps","Misreading flood risk"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Hydrometric measurement standards","Water framework and flood directives","Data sharing standards"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["The science of water on Earth.","surface water hydrology","groundwater hydrology","watershed and forest hydrology","urban hydrology","applied and historical hydrology"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q42250: hydrology","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42250","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Hydrology","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrology","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should each subfield be a separate entry?","How should hydrological data services be linked?","How should flood warnings be linked?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q42250/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q42250/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-11T22:38:06Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:51:59+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane INF: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}