{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.magma","code":"thing-q42278","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q42278/","name":"magma","alternateNames":["secondary magma","sub-alkaline magma"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.1.0-research.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.MAT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"Magma is molten or semi-molten rock, usually silicate but including non-silicate compositions, generated by partial melting of Earth's (or other planetary) mantle or crust, a multiphase mixture of melt, crystals, and volatiles that remains subsurface until eruption converts it to lava or pyroclastic products.","purpose":"Enable an AI agent to recognise magma, assess its physical and chemical state, and judge which observations, interpretations or interventions its evidence supports.","scope":{"in":["Identification and boundaries of a magma occurrence or parcel","Composition of the melt and associated crystals and gas","Temperature, pressure and phase proportions","Rheological state, segregation and capacity for movement","Cooling, crystallisation, mixing, volatile exsolution and decompression","Evidence and uncertainty connecting observations to inferred magma state"],"out":["Lava flows and their surface emplacement after magma emerges","Fully solidified igneous rocks and their subsequent alteration","Volcanoes, conduits and reservoirs as geological structures","Regional tectonic processes and mantle source systems","Hydrothermal fluids and groundwater outside the magma","Eruption hazard zoning, exposure and emergency response"],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Establish whether rock-derived liquid is present; high temperature or a molten appearance alone does not establish magma.","Establish whether the material is beneath the surface; record emergence as a boundary with the neighbouring lava model.","Distinguish a melt-bearing assemblage from fully solidified igneous rock, retaining uncertainty where melt presence is inferred.","Distinguish silicate or other rock melt from an aqueous hydrothermal fluid, including cases where both coexist.","Distinguish the magma material from the chamber, lens, fracture or conduit that contains it."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"magma-identity-and-boundaries","name":"Magma identity and boundaries","description":"Establishes which melt-bearing material is being modelled and where its identity begins and ends.","layers":[{"id":"material-identification","name":"Material identification","description":"Tests whether the subject is subsurface rock melt with associated phases.","findings":[{"id":"evidence-of-rock-melt","name":"Evidence of rock melt","description":"Records the basis for identifying a rock-derived liquid rather than hot solid rock or aqueous fluid.","questions":[{"text":"What observation or inference establishes that rock melt is present?","id":"evidence-of-rock-melt-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Could the same evidence instead represent hot solid rock or hydrothermal fluid?","id":"evidence-of-rock-melt-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"spatial-and-material-continuity","name":"Spatial and material continuity","description":"Defines the represented parcel or occurrence and its transitions to neighbouring subjects.","findings":[{"id":"represented-magma-unit","name":"Represented magma unit","description":"Makes the chosen extent and persistence of the magma subject explicit.","questions":[{"text":"Does this record follow a material parcel or describe material occupying a fixed region at a stated time?","id":"represented-magma-unit-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Where does emergence, complete solidification or separation of a phase require a linked record?","id":"represented-magma-unit-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"composition-and-phase-inventory","name":"Composition and phase inventory","description":"Separates the chemistry of the liquid from the composition and proportions of the whole magma.","layers":[{"id":"chemical-basis","name":"Chemical basis","description":"Identifies which material each compositional observation represents.","findings":[{"id":"melt-versus-bulk-chemistry","name":"Melt versus bulk chemistry","description":"Records analytical basis and the relationship between sampled components and the modelled magma.","questions":[{"text":"Does each analysis describe liquid, quenched glass, individual crystals or the bulk assemblage?","id":"melt-versus-bulk-chemistry-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What sampling, alteration or reconstruction steps affect its interpretation as magma composition?","id":"melt-versus-bulk-chemistry-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"coexisting-phases","name":"Coexisting phases","description":"Describes crystals and gas alongside the liquid at the relevant state.","findings":[{"id":"phase-abundances-and-identities","name":"Phase abundances and identities","description":"Captures phase amounts without confusing mass fractions, volume fractions or observations from different stages.","questions":[{"text":"Which minerals and gas species coexist with the melt, and what are their estimated proportions?","id":"phase-abundances-and-identities-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"On what fraction basis and at what pressure, temperature and time were these proportions determined?","id":"phase-abundances-and-identities-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]}]},{"id":"thermal-and-volatile-state","name":"Thermal and volatile state","description":"Connects temperature and pressure with phase stability and volatile partitioning.","layers":[{"id":"pressure-temperature-constraints","name":"Pressure and temperature constraints","description":"Records the conditions represented by measurements and reconstructions.","findings":[{"id":"state-estimate-validity","name":"State estimate validity","description":"Distinguishes current conditions from conditions preserved by earlier mineral or melt records.","questions":[{"text":"What temperature and pressure ranges are supported, and by which measurements or calibrations?","id":"state-estimate-validity-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Do these estimates represent the current magma, an earlier equilibration stage or several unresolved stages?","id":"state-estimate-validity-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"volatile-partition-and-release","name":"Volatile partition and release","description":"Separates dissolved volatiles, exsolved gas and gas already lost from the subject.","findings":[{"id":"dissolved-and-exsolved-inventory","name":"Dissolved and exsolved inventory","description":"Captures the evidence needed to evaluate volatile redistribution under changing conditions.","questions":[{"text":"What volatile amounts remain dissolved, occur as gas or have escaped, and which amounts are unresolved?","id":"dissolved-and-exsolved-inventory-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Under a specified pressure or temperature change, what evidence supports further exsolution or gas dissolution?","id":"dissolved-and-exsolved-inventory-q02","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"magma-mobility-and-segregation","name":"Magma mobility and segregation","description":"Describes deformation of the assemblage and movement of its constituent phases.","layers":[{"id":"assemblage-rheology","name":"Assemblage rheology","description":"Relates effective mechanical behaviour to liquid properties, crystals, bubbles and imposed deformation.","findings":[{"id":"conditional-flow-behaviour","name":"Conditional flow behaviour","description":"Records rheological estimates together with the conditions under which they apply.","questions":[{"text":"What effective viscosity or yield behaviour is supported at the stated temperature, phase fractions and deformation rate?","id":"conditional-flow-behaviour-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Under the specified driving stress, can the assemblage deform or move, and what remains uncertain?","id":"conditional-flow-behaviour-q02","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"phase-connectivity-and-separation","name":"Phase connectivity and separation","description":"Examines independent migration of melt, crystals and gas.","findings":[{"id":"connected-transport-pathways","name":"Connected transport pathways","description":"Distinguishes movement of the bulk magma from segregation through or within it.","questions":[{"text":"Are melt and gas connected at the relevant scale, and is there evidence for a supporting crystal framework?","id":"connected-transport-pathways-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which phases could separate under the proposed conditions, and what connectivity evidence supports that assessment?","id":"connected-transport-pathways-q02","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"magma-evolution-and-evidence","name":"Magma evolution and evidence","description":"Connects observations to competing histories and conditional future changes.","layers":[{"id":"process-history","name":"Process history","description":"Organises evidence for changes in composition, phase state and material exchange.","findings":[{"id":"competing-evolution-paths","name":"Competing evolution paths","description":"Tests explanations involving crystallisation, recharge, mixing, assimilation or decompression.","questions":[{"text":"Which observations support the proposed process sequence, and which alternative sequences also fit?","id":"competing-evolution-paths-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"What material or heat exchange across the magma boundary must each interpretation account for?","id":"competing-evolution-paths-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"decision-relevant-observations","name":"Decision-relevant observations","description":"Identifies evidence needed before a state interpretation can support a proposed action.","findings":[{"id":"resolve-magma-state-ambiguity","name":"Resolve magma state ambiguity","description":"Connects unresolved magma properties to targeted observations and conditional assessments.","questions":[{"text":"Which observation or analysis would best distinguish the competing interpretations of melt fraction, volatile state or mobility?","id":"resolve-magma-state-ambiguity-q01","kind":"action"},{"text":"What additional evidence is required before using this magma record to assess a proposed sampling or physical intervention?","id":"resolve-magma-state-ambiguity-q02","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"evidence-and-external-alignment","name":"Evidence and external alignment","description":"What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.","layers":[{"id":"reported-evidence","name":"Reported evidence","description":"Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.","findings":[{"id":"evidence-kinds","name":"Kinds and varieties","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of magma this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-kinds-q01","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Report volcanic unrest and alerts from observatories.","Describe magma formation and composition from geological sources."],"mustNot":["Contradict or downplay official volcanic alerts.","Guide people into exclusion zones around active volcanoes.","Present predictions of eruptions as certain.","Confuse magma with lava when explaining hazards."],"requiresHuman":["Decisions on evacuation or drilling near magma bodies."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Eruptions endanger whole communities, and false alarms erode trust.","Geothermal and mining activity near magma carries risk."],"affectedParties":["Residents near volcanoes","Scientists and responders","Travellers"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody: a natural material; civil protection authorities manage volcanic risk.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["Volcano observatory monitoring records"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q102205","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q169336","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q22731","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q3361209","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.magma","Wikidata: Q42278 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42278)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["Occurrence and reference time: Location, spatial extent, reference time and containing geological feature","Melt composition: Major components in wt%; trace components in ppm; analytical and normalisation basis stated","Bulk magma composition: Composition of melt, crystals and gas together, with included phases and calculation basis stated","Temperature: °C or K, with uncertainty, method and reference time","Pressure: MPa, with uncertainty and pressure type stated","Phase proportions: Melt, crystal and gas fractions on an explicit mass or volume basis","Crystal assemblage and texture: Mineral identities, crystal size distribution, shape, zoning and connectivity","Volatile inventory and partitioning: Species-specific dissolved concentrations and exsolved gas amounts, with phase and units stated","Effective rheology: Apparent viscosity in Pa·s and, where supported, yield stress in Pa; temperature and deformation conditions stated","Melt and gas connectivity: Connected, isolated, mixed or unresolved for each phase at a stated scale","Process trajectory: Evidence-supported cooling, heating, crystallising, remelting, mixing, decompressing or unresolved"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Not seen directly; signs include ground swelling, gas emissions and earthquake swarms."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["Classify a candidate occurrence as magma or retain an unresolved identification with explicit evidence gaps.","Compare measured and inferred magma states while preserving their spatial, temporal and analytical bases.","Assess plausible melt, crystal and gas movement under specified conditions.","Evaluate conditional responses to cooling, decompression, mixing or volatile loss.","Select observations or sample analyses that discriminate between competing state interpretations.","Identify when emergence or complete solidification requires linking to a neighbouring material model."]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Eruptions when magma reaches the surface.","Toxic volcanic gas releases.","Ground deformation damaging buildings."]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Magma occurs beneath volcanic regions and within parts of the crust and mantle where rock undergoes melting.","Its composition and movement are studied to understand volcanism, crust formation, geothermal systems and mineral deposits.","Observations of magma storage and transport support volcanic hazard assessment."]}},"sources":[{"title":"Magma, Lava, Lava Flows, Lava Lakes, and Lava Tubes","url":"","note":"Official USGS distinction of magma as subsurface molten rock versus lava at the surface, and the melt-crystal-gas mixture."},{"title":"Wikidata item Q42278: magma","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42278","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Magma","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magma","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["What operational boundary should this registry use between magma, crystal mush and rock containing only a small amount of partial melt?","Should non-silicate magmas share this model through compositional categories, or require specialised extensions?","How should the model preserve parcel identity when magma mixes, splits or exchanges crystals and gas?","Which methods can constrain present melt fraction, pressure and volatile inventory for a particular occurrence, and at what spatial resolution?","What evidence and uncertainty limits are required before inferred rheology or volatile behaviour can support a specific intervention?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q42278/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q42278/spec.json"],"providers":["Codex","Grok"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-07T09:39:16Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"not-applicable","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T12:16:32+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.interfaces":"Magma as a natural subsurface material has no universal product standard or regulatory classification applicable solely by its identity."},"score":1.0}}