{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.phaseolus-vulgaris","code":"thing-q42339","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q42339/","name":"phaseolus vulgaris","alternateNames":["Pole beans","Bush beans","Comba Bean","Fagiolo di Polizzi PAT","Alubias de Saldaña"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.3","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.LIV"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"The common bean, an annual legume domesticated independently in Mesoamerica and the Andes and now grown worldwide for its dry seeds and green pods, in bush and pole growth habits and in many varieties such as kidney, pinto, black, navy, cannellini and borlotti beans and protected regional landraces; it is a staple protein source in Latin America, Africa and elsewhere, fixes nitrogen, and must be cooked to destroy the toxin phytohaemagglutinin.","purpose":"Let an agent identify the common bean and its varieties, relay cultivation, nutrition and preparation, describe its domestication and economic role, and distinguish it from other beans of different species.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Two domestication centres","Bush and pole habits","Dry and green uses","Toxin destroyed by cooking"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"identify","name":"Identify","description":"What bean this is.","layers":[{"id":"variety","name":"Variety","description":"Varieties.","findings":[{"id":"variety-finding","name":"Variety","description":"Variety.","questions":[{"text":"Which variety or market class is it, and what distinguishes it?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the bean Phaseolus vulgaris or another species?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"botany","name":"Botany","description":"Botany and habits.","findings":[{"id":"botany-finding","name":"Botany","description":"Botany.","questions":[{"text":"How do bush and pole habits differ, and what are the plant features?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific variety?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"grow","name":"Grow","description":"Cultivation.","layers":[{"id":"cultivation","name":"Cultivation","description":"Cultivation.","findings":[{"id":"cultivation-finding","name":"Cultivation","description":"Cultivation.","questions":[{"text":"How are common beans grown, from sowing to harvest, in gardens and fields?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"problems","name":"Problems","description":"Pests and diseases.","findings":[{"id":"problems-finding","name":"Problems","description":"Problems.","questions":[{"text":"What pests and diseases affect beans, and how are they managed?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific disease?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"eat","name":"Eat","description":"Food and nutrition.","layers":[{"id":"nutrition","name":"Nutrition","description":"Nutrition and safety.","findings":[{"id":"nutrition-finding","name":"Nutrition","description":"Nutrition.","questions":[{"text":"What nutrients do beans provide, and how must they be cooked safely?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the user asking for personal dietary advice, which needs a professional?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"cuisine","name":"Cuisine","description":"Cuisines.","findings":[{"id":"cuisine-finding","name":"Cuisine","description":"Cuisine.","questions":[{"text":"How are beans used in cuisines from Latin America to Italy and Spain?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific dish?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"context","name":"Context","description":"History and economy.","layers":[{"id":"domestication","name":"Domestication","description":"Domestication.","findings":[{"id":"domestication-finding","name":"Domestication","description":"Domestication.","questions":[{"text":"How was the common bean domesticated in Mesoamerica and the Andes, and how did it spread?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which sources are cited?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"economy","name":"Economy","description":"Production and trade.","findings":[{"id":"economy-finding","name":"Economy","description":"Economy.","questions":[{"text":"Who produces and trades common beans, with figures and sources?","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which entry fits pulse trade?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Describe bean varieties, growing needs and nutrition from agronomic sources.","Plan sowing, irrigation and harvest for a grower who asked.","Explain that dry beans must be soaked and boiled properly before eating."],"mustNot":["Advise eating raw or undercooked dry beans.","Serve beans to a person who has declared a legume allergy.","Use or distribute protected varieties or farmer seed against the rules that apply.","Misrepresent variety, origin or organic status of a crop or seed."],"requiresHuman":["Introducing a new variety or seed treatment on a farm."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Beans feed much of the world cheaply, so seed access and prices matter to food security.","Improperly cooked dry beans make people ill."],"affectedParties":["People who eat them","Smallholder growers","Seed savers"]},"owners":{"steward":"The grower or seed holder; plant variety registers record protected varieties.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["National plant variety and seed registers"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q11992872","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q192691","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"useful plant","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"annual plant","type":"related","note":"in registry terms"},{"target":"Fabaceae","type":"related","note":"the legume family"},{"target":"runner bean","type":"related","note":"Phaseolus coccineus"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.phaseolus-vulgaris","Wikidata: Q42339 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42339)","taxon: Phaseolus vulgaris L.","HS code: 0713.33 kidney beans, dried"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["world dry bean production: about 28 million tonnes - FAO estimates","protein content: about 22 percent - dry seed"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Phaseolus vulgaris, bush and pole beans","Kidney, pinto, black, navy, green beans and landraces","Fava, soy, mung and runner beans are different species","A climbing or bush plant with trifoliate leaves, white or coloured flowers and pods holding kidney-shaped seeds."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["identify varieties and habits","relay cultivation and nutrition","explain preparation and safety","distinguish from other beans"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Poisoning from undercooked beans","Confusing bean species","Diseases such as anthracnose and bean common mosaic virus"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Food safety guidance on cooking raw beans","Seed and variety regulations","Protected designations for regional landraces","Codex standards for pulses"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Food from dry seeds and green pods.","dry bean market classes such as kidney, pinto, black, navy and cannellini","green and snap beans","bush beans and pole beans","regional landraces such as Fagiolo di Polizzi and Alubias de Saldana","Mesoamerican and Andean gene pools"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q42339: Phaseolus vulgaris","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42339","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Phaseolus vulgaris","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phaseolus_vulgaris","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should green bean and dry bean be separate entries?","How should FAO data be linked?","The registry entry has merged aliases naming growth habits and landraces; should they be split off?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q42339/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q42339/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-13T00:25:55Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:51:59+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}