{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.white-blood-cell","code":"thing-q42395","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q42395/","name":"white blood cell","alternateNames":["follicular dendritic cell","splenocyte","resident macrophage","smoker's macrophage","epithelioid cell","Langhans giant cell","macrophage-derived foam cell","siderophage","Anitschkow cell","non-resident macrophage","macrophage","tumor-associated macrophage"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.3","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.OBJ"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"Any of the cells of the immune system found in blood and tissues that defend the body against infection and disease, including neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and macrophages, eosinophils and basophils; circulating white blood cells arise from bone marrow precursors and are counted in a full blood count, while tissue macrophages are not counted by that test and many tissue-resident macrophage populations originate prenatally and maintain themselves locally; white blood cells are also called leukocytes.","purpose":"Let an agent explain white blood cells and their kinds, relay reference ranges and the meaning of counts in general terms from clinical references, and route personal test results and diagnoses to clinicians.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["White blood cells are nucleated, unlike mature mammalian red blood cells.","Several kinds have distinct roles.","Circulating white blood cells arise from bone marrow precursors, while many tissue-resident macrophages originate prenatally and maintain themselves locally.","A full blood count measures circulating white blood cells and does not count tissue macrophages."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"kinds","name":"Kinds","description":"What white blood cells are.","layers":[{"id":"types","name":"Types","description":"Kinds and functions.","findings":[{"id":"types-finding","name":"Types","description":"Types.","questions":[{"text":"What kinds of white blood cell exist, and what does each do?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the user asking about their own test results, which needs a clinician?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"origin","name":"Origin","description":"Production.","findings":[{"id":"origin-finding","name":"Origin","description":"Origin.","questions":[{"text":"How are white blood cells produced and regulated?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits a specific kind?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"function","name":"Function","description":"Immune roles.","layers":[{"id":"innate","name":"Innate","description":"Innate defence.","findings":[{"id":"innate-finding","name":"Innate","description":"Innate.","questions":[{"text":"How do neutrophils, macrophages and other innate cells fight infection?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits the innate immune system?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"adaptive","name":"Adaptive","description":"Adaptive immunity.","findings":[{"id":"adaptive-finding","name":"Adaptive","description":"Adaptive.","questions":[{"text":"How do lymphocytes provide adaptive immunity and memory?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"clinical","name":"Clinical","description":"Counts and disease.","layers":[{"id":"counts","name":"Counts","description":"The full blood count.","findings":[{"id":"counts-finding","name":"Counts","description":"Counts.","questions":[{"text":"What does the white cell count and differential measure, and what are typical ranges?","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Is the presentation free of personal interpretation of results?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"disease","name":"Disease","description":"Disorders.","findings":[{"id":"disease-finding","name":"Disease","description":"Disease.","questions":[{"text":"Which conditions raise or lower white cell counts, in general terms?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits leukaemia or neutropenia?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"study","name":"Study","description":"History and teaching.","layers":[{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"Discovery.","findings":[{"id":"history-finding","name":"History","description":"History.","questions":[{"text":"How were white blood cells discovered and classified?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits haematology?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"teach","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching.","findings":[{"id":"teach-finding","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching.","questions":[{"text":"How are white blood cells taught, and which misconceptions arise?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits immunology?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Explain the kinds of white blood cells and their roles in general terms.","Explain what a white blood cell count measures and its usual reference ranges, with source."],"mustNot":["Interpret a person's blood count as a diagnosis.","Tell a person a high or low count is nothing to worry about.","Share a person's blood results without consent.","Promote products that claim to boost the immune system without evidence."],"requiresHuman":["Any treatment decision based on a blood count."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Misread counts can delay diagnosis of infection or leukaemia.","Health data is sensitive and can lead to discrimination."],"affectedParties":["Patients","People with weakened immunity"]},"owners":{"steward":"The person whose body it is; clinicians answer for interpreting tests.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q104524156","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q211709","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q66568348","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"blood cell","type":"related","note":"a class of blood cells"},{"target":"immune cell","type":"related","note":"its function"},{"target":"lymphocyte","type":"related","note":"a major kind"},{"target":"bone marrow","type":"related","note":"origin"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.white-blood-cell","Wikidata: Q42395 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42395)","Cell Ontology: CL:0000738 leukocyte"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["normal count: about 4-11 thousand per microlitre - adults; ranges vary by laboratory","neutrophils share: about 40-70 percent - of white cells"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Nucleated blood cells of the immune system","Kinds distinguished by nucleus shape and granules","Red cells carry oxygen and platelets clot; both are other blood cells","Not visible to the eye; under the microscope nucleated cells of varied shape stained in blood films."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain the kinds and their functions","relay reference ranges in general terms","explain what high and low counts can mean in general","route personal results to clinicians"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Low counts raising infection risk","Leukaemias and other malignancies","Misinterpretation of counts without context","Agents giving personal medical advice"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Laboratory reference ranges and haematology standards","Cell ontology definitions","Clinical guidelines that use white cell counts"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Defending the body against infection and disease.","neutrophils","lymphocytes","monocytes and tissue macrophages","eosinophils","basophils and mast cells","dendritic cells and specialised tissue forms"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q42395: white blood cell","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42395","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: White blood cell","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_blood_cell","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should each kind be a separate entry?","How should reference ranges be linked by laboratory?","The registry entry has merged aliases for specialised tissue cells; should they be split off?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q42395/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q42395/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T20:49:57Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:30+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}