{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.casomorphin","code":"thing-q425309","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q425309/","name":"casomorphin","alternateNames":[],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.1.0-research.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.MAT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"Casomorphins are casein-derived peptides with opioid activity, best characterized among fragments of beta-casein, whose properties depend on their amino-acid sequence and length.","purpose":"Enable an agent to identify casomorphin peptides, assess their measured condition and opioid activity, and decide whether evidence supports a proposed analytical or experimental use.","scope":{"in":["Casomorphin family membership and sequence-defined members","Parent casein, species, protein variant and fragment mapping","Peptide release, synthesis, isolation and degradation history","Specimen composition, purity, concentration and stability","Opioid activity, exposure measurements and limits of interpretation"],"out":["Whole casein proteins and their complete nutritional properties","Milk, cheese and other products containing or potentially releasing the peptides","Digestion and food-processing systems beyond their relationship to peptide formation","Endogenous opioid peptides and unrelated opioid substances","Clinical diagnoses, dietary recommendations and treatment protocols","Synthetic opioid analogues as independently characterised drug substances"],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Require a defined peptide sequence and a documented relationship to casein; opioid activity alone does not establish casomorphin identity.","Distinguish a released peptide from the same sequence embedded within intact casein.","Resolve species, fragment length and terminal chemistry before equating two specimens carrying a casomorphin name.","Treat beta-casomorphin-7 as a particular member designation, not an automatic synonym for the entire registry entry.","Separate sequence-preserving synthetic preparations from modified analogues and distinguish chemical identification from demonstrated biological activity."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"family-and-sequence-identity","name":"Family and sequence identity","description":"Resolve what the casomorphin name denotes before assigning chemical properties.","layers":[{"id":"family-membership","name":"Family membership","description":"Establish the naming boundary and relationships among peptide members.","findings":[{"id":"member-specific-names","name":"Member-specific names","description":"Record a family interpretation while preserving species-specific member identities; human beta-casomorphins have been separately reported in [primary research](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6529969/).","questions":[{"text":"Does this record denote the casomorphin family, a specified beta-casomorphin or an unresolved commercial label?","id":"member-specific-names-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which naming authority establishes whether a proposed member or modified analogue belongs within this entry?","id":"member-specific-names-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"molecular-resolution","name":"Molecular resolution","description":"Identify the exact peptide independently of its abbreviated name.","findings":[{"id":"sequence-and-chemical-form","name":"Sequence and chemical form","description":"Require sequence, termini and modifications before attaching identifiers or calculated properties.","questions":[{"text":"What are the complete sequence, stereochemistry, terminal groups and any chemical modifications?","id":"sequence-and-chemical-form-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which verified identifiers describe this exact peptide, and do they distinguish the free peptide from a salt or modified form?","id":"sequence-and-chemical-form-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"casein-origin-and-release","name":"Casein origin and release","description":"Connect a peptide to its precursor and the conditions under which it was obtained.","layers":[{"id":"precursor-mapping","name":"Precursor mapping","description":"Locate the peptide within a versioned casein sequence.","findings":[{"id":"species-variant-and-position","name":"Species, variant and position","description":"Record precursor species, casein type, variant and residue numbering as linked evidence.","questions":[{"text":"Which casein accession, species and protein variant contain the assigned peptide sequence?","id":"species-variant-and-position-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"What residue interval matches the peptide, and does numbering refer to the precursor or mature protein?","id":"species-variant-and-position-q02","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"formation-evidence","name":"Formation evidence","description":"Describe release or synthesis without extrapolating beyond the preparation conditions.","findings":[{"id":"conditional-peptide-release","name":"Conditional peptide release","description":"Treat precursor-variant effects as condition-specific observations: [an enzymatic release study](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10503774/) reported variant-dependent beta-casomorphin-7 release under its tested conditions.","questions":[{"text":"Was this peptide isolated, released experimentally or synthesised, and what records establish that history?","id":"conditional-peptide-release-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which enzymes, processing conditions, pH, temperature and duration produced a measured yield of intact peptide?","id":"conditional-peptide-release-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]}]},{"id":"analytical-identity-and-content","name":"Analytical identity and content","description":"Determine whether the assigned peptide is present and how much is present.","layers":[{"id":"identity-confirmation","name":"Identity confirmation","description":"Assess evidence that distinguishes the target sequence from related peptides.","findings":[{"id":"sequence-specific-detection","name":"Sequence-specific detection","description":"Capture orthogonal identification evidence and method-specific ambiguity.","questions":[{"text":"Which retention-time, accurate-mass and fragment-ion observations support the assigned sequence against an authenticated standard?","id":"sequence-specific-detection-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Could antibody cross-reactivity, coeluting fragments or unresolved isomers explain the reported signal?","id":"sequence-specific-detection-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"quantitative-composition","name":"Quantitative composition","description":"Separate target peptide quantity from total preparation mass and analytical response.","findings":[{"id":"content-purity-and-recovery","name":"Content, purity and recovery","description":"Record calibration, extraction recovery, matrix effects and the basis of purity claims.","questions":[{"text":"What target concentration was measured, with which calibration standard, recovery correction and quantification limit?","id":"content-purity-and-recovery-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"How much of the preparation is target peptide, related peptides, counterions, residual solvent or water?","id":"content-purity-and-recovery-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]}]},{"id":"peptide-state-and-handling","name":"Peptide state and handling","description":"Track the chemical form and preservation of a usable casomorphin specimen.","layers":[{"id":"form-and-solution-behaviour","name":"Form and solution behaviour","description":"Specify the supplied material and conditions for preparing a measurable solution.","findings":[{"id":"usable-peptide-preparation","name":"Usable peptide preparation","description":"Relate counterion content, dissolution and recovery to the intended assay concentration.","questions":[{"text":"What salt form, water content and net peptide content must be considered when preparing a molar dose?","id":"usable-peptide-preparation-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Under which solvent, pH and concentration conditions has complete dissolution and acceptable recovery been demonstrated?","id":"usable-peptide-preparation-q02","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"integrity-and-use-conditions","name":"Integrity and use conditions","description":"Establish whether the specimen remains suitable through storage and experimental handling.","findings":[{"id":"stability-and-handling-evidence","name":"Stability and handling evidence","description":"Tie storage limits and handling controls to the exact preparation and intended exposure.","questions":[{"text":"What intact fraction remains after the proposed storage, freeze-thaw history and incubation in the relevant matrix?","id":"stability-and-handling-evidence-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which supplier safety information and experimentally established handling limits apply to this member and preparation?","id":"stability-and-handling-evidence-q02","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"opioid-activity-and-exposure","name":"Opioid activity and exposure","description":"Connect sequence-specific activity with measured exposure and bounded biological interpretations.","layers":[{"id":"receptor-pharmacology","name":"Receptor pharmacology","description":"Characterise binding and functional response in a defined experimental system.","findings":[{"id":"assay-specific-opioid-response","name":"Assay-specific opioid response","description":"Keep receptor binding, agonist response and antagonist-sensitive effects as distinct observations.","questions":[{"text":"Which receptor subtype, species and assay system were tested, and was binding or functional activation measured?","id":"assay-specific-opioid-response-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What concentration-response data and antagonist or receptor controls support attributing the response to the identified peptide?","id":"assay-specific-opioid-response-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"exposure-and-inference","name":"Exposure and inference","description":"Determine whether intact peptide reaches the compartment relevant to a claimed effect.","findings":[{"id":"compartment-specific-evidence","name":"Compartment-specific evidence","description":"Separate peptide release, survival, absorption and biological response while recording the limits of each study.","questions":[{"text":"After which administration route was intact peptide measured, in which compartment and over what time course?","id":"compartment-specific-evidence-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Does the proposed interpretation require unmeasured absorption, tissue access or extrapolation from experimental doses to food consumption?","id":"compartment-specific-evidence-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"evidence-and-external-alignment","name":"Evidence and external alignment","description":"What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.","layers":[{"id":"reported-evidence","name":"Reported evidence","description":"Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.","findings":[{"id":"evidence-confidence-notes","name":"Check these first","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these check these first hold for the sense of casomorphin this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-confidence-notes-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-kinds","name":"Kinds and varieties","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of casomorphin this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-kinds-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-identifiers","name":"Identifiers and schemes","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of casomorphin this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-identifiers-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-real-world-use","name":"Real-world use","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of casomorphin this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-real-world-use-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-measurements","name":"Typical measurements","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of casomorphin this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-measurements-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards","name":"Failure modes and hazards","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of casomorphin this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-neighbours","name":"Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of casomorphin this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-neighbours-q01","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Describe casomorphins as opioid-active peptides released when casein is digested.","Summarise research while separating established findings from hypotheses."],"mustNot":["Claim that casomorphins cause autism, sudden infant death or other diseases without solid evidence.","Use the topic to sell milk products with unproven health claims.","Advise parents to change an infant's diet without a health professional."],"requiresHuman":["Any change to the diet of an infant or a person with a medical condition."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Unproven health scares about milk can frighten parents and stigmatise families.","Marketing claims built on preliminary science mislead consumers."],"affectedParties":["Parents and infants","Consumers","Dairy farmers"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns the peptides; food regulators control health claims made about products.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q11173","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.casomorphin","Wikidata: Q425309 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425309)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["Peptide identity: Amino-acid sequence, residue stereochemistry, terminal groups and modifications","Casein precursor mapping: Species, casein type, protein accession and version, variant, residue interval and numbering convention","Preparation origin: Isolated from biological material; experimentally hydrolysed; chemically synthesised; unknown","Chemical identifier assignment: Verified CAS, PubChem or other identifier for the exact member and chemical form; unresolved","Molecular mass: Da, specifying monoisotopic or average mass; measured m/z with charge state","Peptide content and purity: Mass fraction, chromatographic area percentage and net peptide content, each with method","Matrix-specific concentration: nmol/L, mol/L or ng/g with matrix, recovery, uncertainty and quantification limit","Specimen condition: Dry or dissolved; solvent, pH, temperature, storage duration and measured intact fraction","Opioid assay response: Ki, IC50 or EC50 in mol/L where appropriate, plus maximal response, receptor subtype and assay conditions","Exposure evidence: Precursor presence; measured release; luminal detection; tissue or plasma detection; controlled organism-level response"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["They cannot be seen; they are detected in digests or body fluids by laboratory analysis."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["Resolve an ambiguous casomorphin label to a sequence-defined member or flag unresolved identity.","Compare specimens for sequence, chemical-form and assay compatibility.","Select analytical confirmation and quantification procedures appropriate to the peptide and matrix.","Evaluate documented processing or digestion conditions for evidence of peptide release and persistence.","Assess whether a preparation meets the purity, stability and handling requirements of a proposed experiment.","Trace biological claims to the measured peptide, dose, route and experimental system."]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Overstated claims spread misinformation about diet and health.","Different peptide fragments are often conflated in popular sources."]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"not-applicable","items":[]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Casomorphins are studied in research on casein digestion, milk-derived peptides and opioid receptor activity.","They may be encountered in protein hydrolysates, digestion experiments and analytical peptide preparations.","Their interpretation requires a specified peptide sequence because different casein fragments do not have interchangeable properties."]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q425309: casomorphin","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425309","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Casomorphin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casomorphin","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Does the registry intend casomorphin to cover only beta-casomorphins, and where should other casein-derived opioid peptides and modified analogues sit?","Which sequence-defined members have authoritative chemical identifiers and experimentally verified reference materials?","Under which digestion and food-processing conditions do particular precursor variants release quantifiable intact members?","What validated stability and analytical methods distinguish individual casomorphins in food, digestive contents and biological fluids?","For each member, what measured human exposure and controlled evidence support effects beyond receptor or isolated-tissue assays?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q425309/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q425309/spec.json"],"providers":["Codex"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T08:25:08Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"not-applicable","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:30+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.interfaces":"No dedicated standard, law or official classification is identified here for casomorphins as a peptide family independently of their intended use."},"score":1.0}}