{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.neuron","code":"thing-q43054","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q43054/","name":"neuron","alternateNames":["Immature neuron","Glutaminergic neuron","trigeminal neuron","Immature neuronal cell","enteric neuron","noradrenergic neuron","glycinergic neuron","human neuron","spinal cord neuron","mouse neuron","excitatory neuron","inhibitory neuron"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.2","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.OBJ"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A neuron is an electrically excitable cell of the nervous system that receives, processes and transmits signals through electrical activity and chemical or electrical synapses, typically with a cell body, dendrites and an axon, although some neurons lack dendrites or an axon; neurons are classified by function, neurotransmitter, location and maturity and form circuits underlying sensation, movement, cognition and behaviour.","purpose":"Let an agent explain neuron structure and function, describe types and signalling, relate neurons to health and disease in general terms, and support neuroscience learning.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Electrical excitability","Synaptic transmission","Diverse types","Circuit-forming"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"structure","name":"Structure","description":"How neurons work.","layers":[{"id":"anatomy","name":"Anatomy","description":"Parts of a neuron.","findings":[{"id":"anatomy-finding","name":"Anatomy","description":"Anatomy.","questions":[{"text":"What are the parts of a neuron, and how do dendrites, cell body and axon function?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"How does myelin affect conduction?","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"signalling","name":"Signalling","description":"Impulses and synapses.","findings":[{"id":"signalling-finding","name":"Signalling","description":"Signalling.","questions":[{"text":"How do action potentials arise and propagate, and how do synapses transmit signals chemically?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"What are neurotransmitters?","kind":"definition"}]}]}]},{"id":"types","name":"Types","description":"Kinds of neuron.","layers":[{"id":"classify","name":"Classify","description":"Classifying neurons.","findings":[{"id":"classify-finding","name":"Classify","description":"Classification.","questions":[{"text":"How are neurons classified by function, neurotransmitter, shape and location, such as enteric or glutamatergic neurons?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits a specific type?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"development","name":"Development","description":"Development and plasticity.","findings":[{"id":"development-finding","name":"Development","description":"Development.","questions":[{"text":"How do neurons develop from immature cells, and how do they change with learning?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Do adults generate new neurons, according to research?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"health","name":"Health","description":"Neurons and disease.","layers":[{"id":"disease","name":"Disease","description":"Neuron injury and disease.","findings":[{"id":"disease-finding","name":"Disease","description":"Disease.","questions":[{"text":"How are neurons affected in conditions such as stroke, neurodegeneration and injury, in general terms?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the user asking about their own condition, which needs a clinician?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"research","name":"Research","description":"Research methods.","findings":[{"id":"research-finding","name":"Research","description":"Research.","questions":[{"text":"How are neurons studied, from electrophysiology to imaging and single-cell methods?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which atlases catalogue neuron types?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"learn","name":"Learn","description":"Teaching and computing.","layers":[{"id":"teach","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching neurons.","findings":[{"id":"teach-finding","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching.","questions":[{"text":"How can neuron structure and function be taught with models and simulations?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which misconceptions arise?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"artificial","name":"Artificial","description":"Artificial neurons.","findings":[{"id":"artificial-finding","name":"Artificial","description":"Artificial neurons.","questions":[{"text":"How do artificial neurons in neural networks differ from biological neurons?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits neural networks?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Explain the structure and signalling of neurons from scientific sources.","Distinguish biological neurons from artificial neurons in models."],"mustNot":["Give individual medical advice about a person's nerve or brain condition.","Present an artificial neuron as working like a biological one.","Present simplified neuron types as a complete classification."],"requiresHuman":["Use of neural tissue or recordings from people in research or teaching."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Confusing artificial and biological neurons inflates claims about machine minds.","Research on neurons involves animal and human tissue that requires consent and welfare care."],"affectedParties":["Patients with neurological conditions","Research animals","Students"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody owns it; it is studied by neuroscience and held in common.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q28845870","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q66568342","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"neural cell","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"biological component","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"evoked potential","type":"related","note":"recorded neural activity"},{"target":"stroke","type":"related","note":"neuron injury"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.neuron","Wikidata: Q43054 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43054)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["Cell body diameter:  micrometers - Cell body dimensions are measured by calibrated microscopy with the species, neuronal type, and specimen preparation recorded.","Axon length:  mm - Axon length is measured along a traced neuronal projection rather than as a straight-line distance between its endpoints.","Membrane potential:  mV - The voltage difference between the cell interior and exterior is measured electrophysiologically under stated recording and activity conditions.","Action potential conduction velocity:  m/s - Conduction velocity is determined from signal travel time over a known axonal distance with temperature and myelination documented."]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["A neuron typically has a cell body with dendrites and an axon, but some neurons lack dendrites or an axon.","Neurons communicate through electrical activity and synapses, although appearance alone does not establish signalling function.","Glial cells support neurons but do not fire impulses in the same way.","Cells with a body, branching dendrites and a long axon, visible by microscopy."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain structure and signalling","describe neuron types","relate to health and disease","support learning"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Oversimplifying neuron types","Confusing biological and artificial neurons","Agents giving medical advice on neurological conditions"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Neuroscience nomenclature and cell type ontologies","Research ethics for animal and human studies"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["The signalling cells of the nervous system.","sensory, motor and interneurons","neurons by neurotransmitter such as glutamatergic and noradrenergic","neurons by location such as enteric and trigeminal neurons","immature and developing neurons","artificial neurons in computing (related)"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q43054: neuron","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43054","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Neuron","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuron","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should each neuron type be a separate entry?","How should cell type atlases be linked?","How should teaching resources be linked?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q43054/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q43054/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-11T22:25:28Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T12:16:33+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}