{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.referendum","code":"thing-q43109","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q43109/","name":"referendum","alternateNames":["citizens' initiative","citizen's initiatives","local resident's initiative","people's initiative","citizens' initiative in Austria","popular initiative","Citizen proposals in Denmark","Swiss federal popular initiative","recall election","plebiscite","Sunday drinking referendums in Wales","recall elections in Taiwan"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Information and virtual systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"INF","domain":["INF.KNW"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A direct vote in which an electorate decides a specific question, such as a constitutional change, law or policy, whether binding or advisory, initiated by governments, legislatures or citizens through initiatives; referendums 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description balanced?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"results","name":"Results","description":"Outcomes.","layers":[{"id":"outcome","name":"Outcome","description":"Results.","findings":[{"id":"outcome-finding","name":"Outcome","description":"Results.","questions":[{"text":"What was the result, according to the electoral authority, and what turnout?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the result contested or under challenge?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"effect","name":"Effect","description":"Implementation.","findings":[{"id":"effect-finding","name":"Effect","description":"Implementation.","questions":[{"text":"What happens after the result, and how is it implemented?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Has implementation been delayed or disputed?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"neutral","name":"Neutral","description":"Sensitive votes.","layers":[{"id":"legitimacy","name":"Legitimacy","description":"Contested 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deceptive or undisclosed political messaging.","Impersonate an electoral authority or campaign.","Reveal how a person voted or link votes to identities."],"requiresHuman":["Publishing exit polls, projections or result claims before official declaration."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Referendums decide matters directly; misinformation can change outcomes on irreversible questions.","The wording of a question can bias the result."],"affectedParties":["Voters","Minorities affected by majority votes","Campaigners on all sides"]},"owners":{"steward":"The electoral authority that runs it; the legislature or constitution that calls it.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["Official election results records"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q171174","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q189760","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"direct 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contested legitimacy as settled"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["National constitutions and referendum laws","Venice Commission Code of Good Practice on Referendums","Electoral commission rules"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Direct democratic decision-making.","constitutional referendums","legislative and policy referendums","citizens initiatives","local referendums","independence and sovereignty referendums"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q43109: referendum","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43109","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Referendum","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Referendum","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should each referendum be a separate entry?","How should electoral commission data be linked?","How should contested votes be described?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q43109/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q43109/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-11T16:05:28Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"not-applicable","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-06T19:52:00+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass","interaction.properties":"Plane INF: no invented physical properties."},"score":1.0}}