{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.elementary-particle","code":"thing-q43116","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q43116/","name":"elementary particle","alternateNames":["axion","gluon","W boson","Z boson","g3","g1","g2","g4","g5","g6","g7","g8"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.2","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.OBJ"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A particle with no known substructure, the basic constituent of matter and carrier of forces in the Standard Model of particle physics, comprising the fermions, namely quarks and leptons such as electrons and neutrinos, and the bosons, namely the photon, gluons, the W and Z bosons that mediate the weak force, and the Higgs boson, together with hypothesised particles such as the axion and graviton; elementary particles are studied at accelerators and in cosmic rays and described by quantum field theory.","purpose":"Let an agent explain elementary particles and the Standard Model, describe fermions, bosons and their properties, present open questions and hypothesised particles with attribution, and support learning in physics.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Fundamental","Fermions and bosons","Quantum field description","Standard Model classification"],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"understand","name":"Understand","description":"What elementary particles are.","layers":[{"id":"model","name":"Model","description":"The Standard Model.","findings":[{"id":"model-finding","name":"Model","description":"Model.","questions":[{"text":"What particles make up the Standard Model, and how are fermions and bosons organised?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits a specific particle?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"properties","name":"Properties","description":"Properties.","findings":[{"id":"properties-finding","name":"Properties","description":"Properties.","questions":[{"text":"What are mass, charge, spin and other quantum numbers of elementary particles, and how do they interact?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits quantum field theory?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"discover","name":"Discover","description":"Discovery and detection.","layers":[{"id":"experiments","name":"Experiments","description":"Experiments.","findings":[{"id":"experiments-finding","name":"Experiments","description":"Experiments.","questions":[{"text":"How are elementary particles produced and detected at accelerators and in cosmic rays?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits particle accelerators?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"Discovery history.","findings":[{"id":"history-finding","name":"History","description":"History.","questions":[{"text":"How were the electron, quarks, W and Z bosons and the Higgs boson discovered?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"frontier","name":"Frontier","description":"Open questions.","layers":[{"id":"beyond","name":"Beyond","description":"Beyond the Standard Model.","findings":[{"id":"beyond-finding","name":"Beyond","description":"Beyond.","questions":[{"text":"What are axions, gravitons, supersymmetric particles and other hypothesised particles, and what is their evidential status?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Is the presentation clear about what is confirmed and what is hypothesised?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"questions","name":"Questions","description":"Unsolved problems.","findings":[{"id":"questions-finding","name":"Questions","description":"Questions.","questions":[{"text":"What open questions such as neutrino mass, dark matter and the hierarchy problem concern elementary particles?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which findings are contested?","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"learn","name":"Learn","description":"Teaching.","layers":[{"id":"teach","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching.","findings":[{"id":"teach-finding","name":"Teach","description":"Teaching.","questions":[{"text":"How can the Standard Model be taught at different levels?","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which misconceptions arise?","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"culture","name":"Culture","description":"Public understanding.","findings":[{"id":"culture-finding","name":"Culture","description":"Culture.","questions":[{"text":"How are elementary particles communicated to the public, and what metaphors help or mislead?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits science communication?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Explain the Standard Model's particles and the evidence for each with sources.","Distinguish elementary particles from composite ones such as protons."],"mustNot":["Present hypothesised particles such as gravitons or sterile neutrinos as discovered.","Treat composite particles as elementary.","Attribute discoveries to the wrong experiments or people."],"requiresHuman":["Publishing claims of a new particle or anomaly as established."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Public trust in physics depends on honest reporting of what is confirmed.","Large collaborations deserve accurate credit for discoveries."],"affectedParties":["Students","Researchers and collaborations","Readers of science news"]},"owners":{"steward":"Nobody: a concept of physics held in common.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q28846113","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q63243922","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"indivisible particle","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"elementary object","type":"related","note":"category"},{"target":"negative charge","type":"related","note":"charge of the electron"},{"target":"magic number","type":"related","note":"nuclear structure built from particles"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.elementary-particle","Wikidata: Q43116 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43116)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["Rest mass:  kg - Rest mass is determined or constrained from energy and momentum measurements and depends on the particle species.","Electric charge:  C - Electric charge is inferred from electromagnetic interactions and is characteristic of the particle species.","Intrinsic spin angular momentum:  hbar - The spin quantum number is inferred from scattering, spectroscopy and angular distributions rather than from physical rotation.","Mean lifetime:  s - Mean lifetime is inferred from decay statistics, while particles without observed decay are assigned experimental lower bounds where applicable."]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["No known substructure","Quarks, leptons, gauge bosons, Higgs","Protons and atoms are composite; hypothesised particles are not confirmed","Not visible; detected through interactions in detectors."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["explain the Standard Model","describe particles and properties","present open questions","support learning"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Presenting hypothesised particles as confirmed","Confusing elementary and composite particles","Oversimplifying quantum field theory"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Particle Data Group reviews and conventions","International collaboration standards at accelerators","No regulation of the concept"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Fundamental particles without substructure.","quarks","leptons","gauge bosons such as photon, gluons, W and Z","the Higgs boson","hypothesised particles such as axions and gravitons"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q43116: elementary particle","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43116","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Elementary particle","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementary_particle","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should each particle be a separate entry?","How should Particle Data Group resources be linked?","How should open questions be tracked?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q43116/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q43116/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T03:29:30Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:31+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}