{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.mummy","code":"thing-q43616","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q43616/","name":"mummy","alternateNames":["Husk","mummified body part","Communist mummies","Guanche mummies","Predynastic Egyptian mummies","bog body","Chinchorro mummies","Saltmen","Buddhist mummy","Windeby bog body","Moorleiche Borremose"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.1.0-research.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.OBJ"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A mummy is a human or animal corpse whose soft tissues remain recognisably preserved after death, either by deliberate embalming and wrapping or by natural desiccation, freezing, salt, or tannin-rich peat, so that non-skeletal anatomy can still be identified.","purpose":"Enable an AI agent to recognise mummified remains, assess their preservation and evidential limits, and determine which examinations, conservation measures or movements are appropriate and authorised.","scope":{"in":["Evidence supporting or challenging classification as mummified remains","Retained tissues, anatomical completeness and relationships between body parts","Natural, intentional, mixed or unresolved preservation processes","Wrapping, packing and substances applied directly to the remains","Current deterioration, environmental dependencies and examination constraints","Provenance, cultural relationships and authority governing treatment of the remains"],"out":["Living organisms and their current physiology","Skeletonised remains without evidence of mummification","Fossils, casts, replicas and fictional mummies","Tombs, burial sites and archaeological assemblages as whole contexts","Coffins, sarcophagi and detached grave goods as independently managed objects","Full biographies, species models and general models of funerary traditions"],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Seek evidence of retained bodily soft tissue; bones alone or body-shaped coverings do not establish that the object is a mummy.","Distinguish preserved biological tissue from a cast, reconstruction or fossil replacement using documented examination evidence.","Record evidence of mummification separately from evidence of embalming: treatment history alone does not establish the present preservation state.","Treat wrapping as supporting context rather than a defining test; determine whether it encloses remains and whether unwrapped remains meet the adopted classification.","For frozen, waterlogged or otherwise preserved bodies, record the classification convention and supporting evidence rather than assuming every preserved corpse is a mummy."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"mummified-body-identification","name":"Mummified body identification","description":"Establish what bodily remains are present and why the mummy classification applies.","layers":[{"id":"classification-evidence","name":"Classification evidence","description":"Separate the adopted definition from observations supporting it.","findings":[{"id":"basis-for-mummy-attribution","name":"Basis for mummy attribution","description":"Record the evidence and classification convention used to identify the remains as mummified.","questions":[{"text":"What observable or documented tissue preservation supports calling these remains a mummy?","id":"basis-for-mummy-attribution-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which alternative classification, such as skeletonised remains, another preserved-body category or a replica, remains plausible?","id":"basis-for-mummy-attribution-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"anatomical-identity","name":"Anatomical identity","description":"Describe the biological attribution and bodily extent without treating concealed regions as absent.","findings":[{"id":"body-composition-and-association","name":"Body composition and association","description":"Record which anatomical regions and individuals are represented, including uncertainty about assembled or detached parts.","questions":[{"text":"Which anatomical regions and tissue types are observed, concealed, missing or unresolved, and by what examination method?","id":"body-composition-and-association-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What evidence supports the human or animal attribution and the association of all included parts with one individual?","id":"body-composition-and-association-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"preservation-and-preparation","name":"Preservation and preparation","description":"Represent how the body became preserved and how preparation or later treatment altered it.","layers":[{"id":"mummification-pathway","name":"Mummification pathway","description":"Keep observed preservation evidence distinct from inferred mechanisms and intentions.","findings":[{"id":"process-attribution","name":"Process attribution","description":"Record supported explanations for preservation and competing explanations that remain open.","questions":[{"text":"What evidence supports natural preservation, intentional preparation or a combination of the two?","id":"process-attribution-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which proposed preservation mechanisms are demonstrated by examination, and which remain hypotheses?","id":"process-attribution-q02","kind":"definition"}]}]},{"id":"body-material-interfaces","name":"Body and material interfaces","description":"Locate coverings, internal additions and treatment substances relative to retained anatomy.","findings":[{"id":"preparation-and-treatment-sequence","name":"Preparation and treatment sequence","description":"Distinguish original preparation, later conservation and unattributed alterations where evidence permits.","questions":[{"text":"Where are wrappings, packing, coatings, incisions or removed structures documented relative to the body?","id":"preparation-and-treatment-sequence-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Which additions or alterations can be attributed to preparation, later repair or conservation, and on what evidence?","id":"preparation-and-treatment-sequence-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"tissue-stability-and-care","name":"Tissue stability and care","description":"Assess changes in retained tissues and coverings and identify conditions for supported handling and care.","layers":[{"id":"regional-condition","name":"Regional condition","description":"Track the location, severity and activity of changes in tissue and associated materials.","findings":[{"id":"active-versus-historical-damage","name":"Active versus historical damage","description":"Record condition observations against a dated baseline, separating old damage from demonstrated change.","questions":[{"text":"Where are tissue fragmentation, cracking, detachment, covering failure or suspected biological activity observed?","id":"active-versus-historical-damage-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What dated comparison establishes whether each observed condition is changing, stable within the observation period or unassessed?","id":"active-versus-historical-damage-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"environment-and-support","name":"Environment and support","description":"Connect material condition with recorded exposure and the support needed for movement or examination.","findings":[{"id":"care-and-movement-constraints","name":"Care and movement constraints","description":"Capture case-specific environmental requirements and anatomical vulnerabilities relevant to handling.","questions":[{"text":"What environmental history and conservation assessment support the proposed conditions for these particular tissues and treatment materials?","id":"care-and-movement-constraints-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which body regions or coverings require support, restricted contact or specialist assessment before movement?","id":"care-and-movement-constraints-q02","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"mortuary-context-and-intervention","name":"Mortuary context and intervention","description":"Connect the remains to their documented mortuary and custodial history and govern actions that affect them.","layers":[{"id":"context-and-standing","name":"Context and standing","description":"Record find context, transfers and relevant relationships without treating custody as sufficient authority.","findings":[{"id":"mortuary-and-custodial-history","name":"Mortuary and custodial history","description":"Identify supported contextual associations, gaps in custody and parties with relevant decision-making roles.","questions":[{"text":"What records connect the remains to a find location, burial context, removal event and subsequent custodians?","id":"mortuary-and-custodial-history-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Whose authority or consultation is required for examination, display, sampling, transfer or reburial, and what establishes that requirement?","id":"mortuary-and-custodial-history-q02","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"examination-and-evidence-loss","name":"Examination and evidence loss","description":"Evaluate proposed investigations against the bodily material and contextual evidence they may change.","findings":[{"id":"intervention-justification","name":"Intervention justification","description":"Make the research question, permitted action, expected loss and stopping conditions explicit before intervention.","questions":[{"text":"What specific uncertainty would imaging, unwrapping or sampling address, and could existing records or a less intrusive examination resolve it?","id":"intervention-justification-q01","kind":"action"},{"text":"What tissue, covering relationship or contextual evidence could the intervention irreversibly change, and what permissions and stopping conditions apply?","id":"intervention-justification-q02","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"evidence-and-external-alignment","name":"Evidence and external alignment","description":"What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.","layers":[{"id":"reported-evidence","name":"Reported evidence","description":"Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.","findings":[{"id":"evidence-kinds","name":"Kinds and varieties","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of mummy this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-kinds-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-identifiers","name":"Identifiers and schemes","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of mummy this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-identifiers-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-standards-and-regulation","name":"Standards and regulation","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of mummy this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-real-world-use","name":"Real-world use","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of mummy this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-real-world-use-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-measurements","name":"Typical measurements","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of mummy this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-measurements-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards","name":"Failure modes and hazards","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of mummy this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-regional-variation","name":"Regional variation","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of mummy this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-regional-variation-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-neighbours","name":"Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart","description":"Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of mummy this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-neighbours-q01","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Describe mummies and their history from museum and archaeological records.","Monitor display and storage conditions for a collection it is authorized to support."],"mustNot":["Display, photograph or publish human remains against the institution's ethics policy or descendants' wishes.","Help trade in human remains or remove them from sites without permits.","Handle or unwrap remains outside a conservator's procedures.","Treat mummified people as objects of entertainment or curiosity."],"requiresHuman":["Destructive sampling, scanning or research on human remains.","Repatriation or reburial decisions."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Mummies may be human or animal remains; mummified people deserve dignity as the dead, and animal mummies warrant respectful treatment appropriate to their cultural and scientific context.","Descendant and source communities may have cultural or religious claims over their ancestors."],"affectedParties":["The human dead and their descendants are affected by the treatment of human mummies.","Source communities are affected by the treatment of culturally significant human and animal mummies.","Museum visitors are affected by how mummies are presented."]},"owners":{"steward":"The institution or authority holding the remains, answerable to descendant communities and heritage law.","roles":[],"masterSystems":["Museum collection records","Archaeological site records"]},"relations":[{"target":"Q105525662","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q2242136","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.mummy","Wikidata: Q43616 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43616)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["Mummification classification: supported | provisional | disputed | excluded; classification criterion and evidence","Biological attribution: human | non-human animal | mixed | unresolved; taxonomic attribution and confidence where supported","Anatomical completeness: whole-body configuration | partial body | isolated part | composite | unresolved; region-level inventory","Retained tissue distribution: anatomical region, tissue attribution, preservation description and observation method","Preservation pathway: natural | intentional | mixed | unresolved; proposed mechanisms and evidence","Applied materials: body region linked to wrapping, packing, coating or other treatment material; attribution and uncertainty","Local temperature: °C with timestamp, sensor location and measurement interval","Local relative humidity: % RH with timestamp, sensor location and measurement interval","Deterioration activity: no change detected | suspected active change | documented active change | unassessed; affected region and observation interval","Treatment and access authority: remains linked to custodians, relevant communities, decision authorities and action-specific permissions or restrictions"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["A preserved body with dried skin and tissue, often wrapped in linen or in a decorated coffin.","Naturally preserved bodies from ice, bogs, deserts or caves."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["Document visible tissues and coverings without disturbing them, subject to access and imaging restrictions.","Compare observations over time to identify tissue loss, cracking, covering failure or other changes.","Plan authorised imaging to investigate concealed anatomy and preparation while recording its interpretive limits.","Develop a handling, support and environmental-care plan from the mummy's specific condition and treatment history.","Evaluate sampling or unwrapping proposals against evidential value, irreversible loss and required authority.","Prepare authorised transfer, return or reburial documentation that preserves anatomical associations and relevant provenance."]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Humidity, light and pests can destroy preserved tissue.","Handling old remains can expose people to moulds and historic preservatives."]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["ICOM Code of Ethics for Museums, International Council of Museums, which covers human remains."]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Mummified remains occur in archaeological sites, burial contexts, museums and naturally preserving environments.","Authorised research examines them for evidence about anatomy, disease, diet, mortuary practices and past environments.","Their conservation and display require attention to preservation conditions, provenance and the cultural or ethical obligations associated with the remains."]}},"sources":[{"title":"The Scientific Study of Mummies","url":"","note":"Specialist definition of anthropogenic versus natural soft-tissue preservation; methods, measurements, and taphonomic failure modes used in mummy studies."},{"title":"The Mummy in Ancient Egypt: Equipping the Dead for Eternity","url":"","note":"Egyptian embalming traditions, animal/votive mummies, and how wrapped human mummies are encountered in tombs and collections."},{"title":"Mummies","url":"","note":"Physical-anthropology overview of mummy kinds (desiccated, frozen, bog), imaging and sampling practice, and distinction from skeletonized remains."},{"title":"Guidance for the Care of Human Remains in Museums","url":"","note":"UK museum standard for holding, displaying, researching and considering claims on human remains, including mummified bodies."},{"title":"Mummy","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mummy","note":"Cross-cultural inventory of named mummy traditions, etymology from mūmiyā, and commonly cited exemplars (Chinchorro, Ötzi, Guanche, salt men)."},{"title":"Wikidata item Q43616: mummy","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43616","note":"identity and sense of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Which operational definition should this registry adopt for borderline cases such as frozen, waterlogged, chemically preserved or partially mummified bodies?","Should isolated mummified body parts and composites receive independent registry identities or remain components of a parent remains record?","What evidence is sufficient to distinguish intentional preparation from natural preservation modified by later treatment?","Which case-specific assessments are needed to set environmental and handling limits when tissue composition or treatment history is unresolved?","How should culturally restricted information and differing claims of authority be represented while still enabling appropriate care decisions?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q43616/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q43616/spec.json"],"providers":["Codex","Grok"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-07T13:26:48Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T12:16:33+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}