{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.gallium-iii-sulfide","code":"thing-q4445840","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q4445840/","name":"gallium(III) sulfide","alternateNames":[],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.1.0-research.1","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.MAT"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"Gallium(III) sulfide is the inorganic compound Ga2S3, a semiconducting gallium-sulfur material in which gallium has the formal oxidation state +3 and sulfur −2.","purpose":"Enable an agent to identify gallium(III) sulfide, assess a specimen's composition and material state, and judge its suitability for handling, characterization or a specified use.","scope":{"in":["Ga2S3 identity and distinction from other gallium sulfides","Stoichiometry, assay basis, impurities and secondary phases","Crystal structure, vacancy ordering and specimen morphology","Optical, electrical and thermal properties under recorded conditions","Chemical stability, hazard evidence and handling constraints","Traceability and qualification of a specimen for a stated material use"],"out":["Gallium(II) sulfide, GaS, as an independent substance","Gallium oxide and other products of chemical transformation","Complete synthesis processes, reactors and operating recipes","Finished photodetectors, batteries and other devices containing Ga2S3","Multicomponent glasses, composites and formulations as whole materials","Supplier products, commercial transactions and facility safety systems"],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["Require evidence consistent with Ga2S3 and a nominal Ga:S atomic ratio of 2:3; the name 'gallium sulfide' alone does not distinguish it from GaS. Formula identity is documented in the [supplier record](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/aldrich/410527).","Combine elemental composition with phase identification: a mixture of gallium-bearing and sulfur-bearing phases can reproduce a bulk ratio without constituting Ga2S3.","Use diffraction or equivalent structural evidence to distinguish Ga2S3 from GaS; morphology or a semiconductor response alone is insufficient.","Distinguish a Ga2S3 specimen with a surface oxide from a predominantly oxide specimen using complementary surface and bulk measurements.","Treat crystal forms as states within this substance identity; require structural evidence rather than assuming that a Greek-letter phase label uniquely identifies a structure."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"chemical-identity","name":"Chemical identity","description":"Establish whether a record or specimen denotes the registered Ga2S3 substance.","layers":[{"id":"formula-and-identifiers","name":"Formula and identifiers","description":"Reconcile chemical naming with independently traceable identifiers.","findings":[{"id":"ga2s3-identity-anchor","name":"Ga2S3 identity anchor","description":"Use formula and identifiers together; supplier synonyms should not override formula evidence.","questions":[{"text":"Does the record explicitly identify Ga2S3 rather than relying on the name gallium sulfide?","id":"ga2s3-identity-anchor-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which authoritative records confirm the CAS, EC and PubChem compound mappings?","id":"ga2s3-identity-anchor-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"substance-and-mixture-boundary","name":"Substance and mixture boundary","description":"Distinguish the Ga2S3 phase from other compounds and multiphase materials.","findings":[{"id":"composition-is-not-phase-proof","name":"Composition is not phase proof","description":"Require complementary evidence before identifying a specimen as Ga2S3.","questions":[{"text":"What phase-sensitive evidence distinguishes this specimen from GaS or a mixture with the same average elemental ratio?","id":"composition-is-not-phase-proof-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Is Ga2S3 the specimen's principal substance or a constituent that should link to a composite model?","id":"composition-is-not-phase-proof-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"composition-and-grade","name":"Composition and grade","description":"Record what the specimen contains and what its purity claim actually measures.","layers":[{"id":"stoichiometry-and-secondary-phases","name":"Stoichiometry and secondary phases","description":"Resolve elemental balance and non-Ga2S3 constituents.","findings":[{"id":"representative-composition","name":"Representative composition","description":"Separate bulk composition, local variation and surface contamination.","questions":[{"text":"What Ga:S ratio is measured, with what uncertainty and sampling depth?","id":"representative-composition-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What evidence detects or excludes GaS, elemental sulfur, gallium oxide and unreacted gallium?","id":"representative-composition-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]},{"id":"assay-and-lot-evidence","name":"Assay and lot evidence","description":"Interpret purity claims against their analytical basis and specimen provenance.","findings":[{"id":"purity-basis","name":"Purity basis","description":"A commercial Ga2S3 grade is offered as 99.99% trace metals basis; preserve that qualification rather than interpreting it as total purity. [Supplier specification](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/aldrich/410527).","questions":[{"text":"Does the stated purity measure trace metals, total assay or phase fraction, and what impurities are excluded?","id":"purity-basis-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which lot-specific certificate or analysis supports oxygen, moisture and trace-element limits for the intended use?","id":"purity-basis-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"crystal-form-and-defects","name":"Crystal form and defects","description":"Describe Ga2S3 structure, vacancy arrangement and specimen geometry.","layers":[{"id":"structural-assignment","name":"Structural assignment","description":"Anchor phase names in measured crystallography.","findings":[{"id":"phase-label-resolution","name":"Phase label resolution","description":"Record the structural model behind each polymorph label and retain unresolved assignments.","questions":[{"text":"Which diffraction pattern, symmetry and structural reference support the assigned Ga2S3 phase?","id":"phase-label-resolution-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Do the source's phase labels map consistently to the structural labels used for this specimen?","id":"phase-label-resolution-q02","kind":"provenance"}]}]},{"id":"vacancies-and-morphology","name":"Vacancies and morphology","description":"Separate structural site occupancy from additional defects and geometrical effects.","findings":[{"id":"vacancy-evidence","name":"Vacancy evidence","description":"Treat vacancy assignments as evidence-dependent structural interpretations.","questions":[{"text":"Which Ga-site vacancies belong to the proposed stoichiometric structure, and which defects indicate departures from it?","id":"vacancy-evidence-q01","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Are vacancy concentrations or ordering measured directly, inferred from spectra or predicted computationally?","id":"vacancy-evidence-q02","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"specimen-geometry","name":"Specimen geometry","description":"Attach dimensions and interfaces to the specimen rather than assuming bulk behavior.","questions":[{"text":"What particle dimensions, film thickness, grain size and orientation characterize the measured specimen?","id":"specimen-geometry-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Could substrate, surface or grain-boundary contributions dominate the reported Ga2S3 response?","id":"specimen-geometry-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]}]},{"id":"functional-and-thermal-properties","name":"Functional and thermal properties","description":"Capture properties that determine optical, electronic and processing suitability.","layers":[{"id":"optical-and-electrical-response","name":"Optical and electrical response","description":"Connect semiconductor measurements to phase, defects and experimental conditions.","findings":[{"id":"band-edge-and-emission","name":"Band edge and emission","description":"Store absorption-edge and luminescence results separately; a thin-film study reports distinct absorption and defect-related emission energies. [Ga2S3 thin-film study](https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/am4056535).","questions":[{"text":"What band-edge value and transition interpretation are supported by the measurement method, phase and temperature?","id":"band-edge-and-emission-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What evidence separates band-edge emission from defect-related luminescence?","id":"band-edge-and-emission-q02","kind":"measurement"}]},{"id":"transport-under-use-conditions","name":"Transport under use conditions","description":"Qualify transport measurements by illumination, contacts and specimen dimensions.","questions":[{"text":"What conductivity or resistivity is measured in the dark and under specified illumination?","id":"transport-under-use-conditions-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Do contact resistance and substrate contributions permit assigning that result to Ga2S3?","id":"transport-under-use-conditions-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"thermal-and-density-evidence","name":"Thermal and density evidence","description":"Associate thermal events and density with phase and measurement conditions.","findings":[{"id":"thermal-event-identity","name":"Thermal event identity","description":"Do not label a thermal event as melting or boiling without evidence distinguishing transformation and mass loss.","questions":[{"text":"Which observed events represent melting, phase transformation, sulfur loss or decomposition under the stated atmosphere and pressure?","id":"thermal-event-identity-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"Is a reported density crystallographic, skeletal or bulk powder density, and to which phase and temperature does it apply?","id":"thermal-event-identity-q02","kind":"measurement"}]}]}]},{"id":"stability-and-handling","name":"Stability and handling","description":"Connect Ga2S3 exposure history and hazard evidence to permissible handling.","layers":[{"id":"chemical-exposure-state","name":"Chemical exposure state","description":"Assess possible changes after contact with air, water, acids or elevated temperatures.","findings":[{"id":"exposure-dependent-change","name":"Exposure-dependent change","description":"Require evidence for reaction products and degradation rates rather than assuming stability from the original label.","questions":[{"text":"What measured changes follow the specimen's recorded humidity, oxygen and temperature exposure?","id":"exposure-dependent-change-q01","kind":"measurement"},{"text":"What evidence establishes whether water or acid contact releases hydrogen sulfide, and under which conditions?","id":"exposure-dependent-change-q02","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which exposure events require quarantine or renewed phase and composition measurements?","id":"exposure-dependent-change-q03","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"applicable-hazard-evidence","name":"Applicable hazard evidence","description":"Resolve specimen-specific safety documentation and jurisdictional requirements.","findings":[{"id":"hazard-document-applicability","name":"Hazard document applicability","description":"The supplier page lists H314, Skin Corr. 1B and Eye Dam. 1 for its product; confirm applicability using the current SDS for the actual material. [Supplier safety information](https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/aldrich/410527).","questions":[{"text":"Which SDS revision and jurisdiction support the classification for this Ga2S3 grade and physical form?","id":"hazard-document-applicability-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Are applicable exposure limits specific to Ga2S3, relevant dust categories or possible reaction products, or are they unestablished?","id":"hazard-document-applicability-q02","kind":"boundary"},{"text":"What containment, storage segregation and waste route follow from the applicable documented hazards?","id":"hazard-document-applicability-q03","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"use-qualification-and-traceability","name":"Use qualification and traceability","description":"Translate specimen evidence into a bounded decision about a proposed material use.","layers":[{"id":"application-requirements","name":"Application requirements","description":"Identify material acceptance criteria supplied by the intended use.","findings":[{"id":"fit-for-specified-use","name":"Fit for specified use","description":"Judge Ga2S3 against explicit phase, impurity, morphology and performance requirements.","questions":[{"text":"Which Ga2S3 properties and impurity limits does the proposed optical, electronic or precursor use require?","id":"fit-for-specified-use-q01","kind":"action"},{"text":"Which performance requirements belong to the finished device or process rather than to this substance model?","id":"fit-for-specified-use-q02","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"evidence-and-requalification","name":"Evidence and requalification","description":"Keep acceptance decisions attached to a traceable specimen and its current state.","findings":[{"id":"specimen-specific-decision","name":"Specimen-specific decision","description":"Distinguish measured specimen evidence from literature values and supplier-level claims.","questions":[{"text":"Which measurements and certificates refer to this exact lot, and which are literature or calculated values?","id":"specimen-specific-decision-q01","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Should the specimen be accepted, rejected or held pending evidence, and what changes would invalidate that decision?","id":"specimen-specific-decision-q02","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"evidence-and-external-alignment","name":"Evidence and external alignment","description":"What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.","layers":[{"id":"reported-evidence","name":"Reported evidence","description":"Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.","findings":[{"id":"evidence-confidence-notes","name":"Check these first","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these check these first hold for the sense of gallium(III) sulfide this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-confidence-notes-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-identifiers","name":"Identifiers and schemes","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of gallium(III) sulfide this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-identifiers-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-real-world-use","name":"Real-world use","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of gallium(III) sulfide this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-real-world-use-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-measurements","name":"Typical measurements","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of gallium(III) sulfide this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-measurements-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards","name":"Failure modes and hazards","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of gallium(III) sulfide this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01","kind":"provenance"}]},{"id":"evidence-neighbours","name":"Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart","description":"Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.","questions":[{"text":"Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of gallium(III) sulfide this model covers, and on what evidence?","id":"evidence-neighbours-q01","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Identify gallium(III) sulfide from labels, identifiers and analytical data.","Report its hazards from the supplier's safety data sheet.","Record a sample's purity and storage condition for its keeper."],"mustNot":["Handle it outside a controlled laboratory or fab setting.","Expose it to moisture or acids where toxic hydrogen sulfide can reach people.","Dispose of it in drains or ordinary waste.","Misstate purity or phase in material sold for research or devices."],"requiresHuman":["Disposal of stocks.","Release of material for device manufacture."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Hydrogen sulfide is an invisible danger to workers not warned of it.","Honest purity data protects research and device makers."],"affectedParties":["Laboratory and fab staff","Researchers relying on the material"]},"owners":{"steward":"The laboratory or company that holds the material.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q107344364","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q56250626","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.gallium-iii-sulfide","Wikidata: Q4445840 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4445840)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["Substance identity: Ga2S3; gallium formally +III and sulfide formally -II","Chemical identifier mapping: CAS 12024-22-5; EC 234-692-2; PubChem CID requires verification","Measured Ga:S ratio: Atomic ratio, nominally 2:3; method and uncertainty required","Purity and impurity profile: Mass %, atomic %, ppm or detection limit; assay basis required","Crystal form and phase fractions: Measured symmetry, space group where resolved, reference pattern and phase fractions; unknown or mixed allowed","Vacancy configuration: Site occupancy and ordering model; measured, calculated or unresolved","Specimen form and dimensions: Powder, bulk crystal, film or nanostructure; particle size, thickness or dimensions in nm, µm or mm","Optical absorption edge: eV or nm; phase, temperature, polarization and extraction method required","Electrical transport: Resistivity in Ω·cm, conductivity in S/m; temperature, illumination and contact configuration","Thermal events and density: Transition temperatures in °C or K; density in g/cm³; pressure, atmosphere and method","Hazard and stability assessment: Applicable SDS, revision, jurisdiction, physical form, incompatibilities and exposure-limit status"]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["Identity rests on the label and analysis, not appearance.","A rotten-egg odour from a container suggests moisture damage."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["Resolve an ambiguous gallium sulfide label using identifiers, composition and phase evidence.","Select complementary measurements to test Ga2S3 identity, phase purity and contamination.","Compare specimens for a stated semiconductor or precursor application using matched measurement conditions.","Determine whether storage or processing history requires renewed composition or phase characterization.","Derive handling constraints from an applicable SDS and documented stability evidence.","Accept, reject or hold a specimen against explicit material requirements while recording unresolved evidence."]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Release of hydrogen sulfide on contact with moisture or acids.","Dust irritation to the eyes and lungs.","Degraded material spoils experiments and devices."]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS), United Nations."]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Gallium(III) sulfide is encountered in inorganic chemistry and materials research as a gallium-sulfur semiconductor.","It is studied for its crystal structure, electronic behaviour and optical properties.","It can also serve as a starting material for preparing other gallium-containing sulfide materials."]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q4445840: gallium(III) sulfide","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4445840","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Gallium(III) sulfide","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium%28III%29_sulfide","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Which authoritative PubChem CID and regulatory identity records map specifically to Ga2S3 without conflating GaS or a supplier Substance ID?","How should conflicting Ga2S3 polymorph labels be reconciled against space groups, vacancy ordering and measured reference patterns?","What phase-specific melting, transformation, decomposition and vaporization data are reliable under stated pressures and sulfur activities?","What quantitative evidence establishes moisture sensitivity, oxidation rates and possible hydrogen sulfide evolution for different specimen forms?","Which current hazard classifications, exposure limits and application-specific impurity thresholds apply to the intended grade and jurisdiction?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q4445840/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q4445840/spec.json"],"providers":["Codex"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T09:56:59Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T10:10:31+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}