{"schema":"https://ver.cy/schemas/card/1.0.0","id":"vr.tr.mill","code":"thing-q44494","url":"https://ver.cy/models/thing/q44494/","name":"mill","alternateNames":["butter-mill","oil mill","gristmill","olive oil mill","roller mill","palm oil mill","gold ore mill","old mills in Tara Calatei","steam mill","hulling mill","pulverizer","ram press"],"kind":"thing","status":"published","version":"0.2.0-wave.3","language":"en","classifiers":{"family":"Thing Registry","category":"Physical world and living systems","entryKind":"thing","plane":"PHY","domain":["PHY.OBJ"],"industry":[],"navPath":"","tags":[],"facets":{}},"whatItIs":"A mill is a device that breaks solid materials into smaller pieces by grinding, crushing or cutting; such devices process materials including grain and minerals and may be powered by hand, animals, water, wind, steam or electricity.","purpose":"Let an agent identify kinds of mill and their mechanisms, explain the history of milling and mill power, relay heritage and industrial information, and separate the machine sense from the building and factory senses.","scope":{"in":[],"out":[],"boundaries":[]},"distinguishingFeatures":["A mill uses grinding, crushing or cutting to reduce the size of solid material.","Mills process a wide range of solid materials.","Historical mills used human, animal, water and wind power.","Historic milling devices can form part of industrial heritage."],"structure":{"bundles":[{"id":"identify","name":"Identify","description":"What mill this is.","layers":[{"id":"kind","name":"Kind","description":"Kind and mechanism.","findings":[{"id":"kind-finding","name":"Kind","description":"Kind.","questions":[{"text":"What kind of mill is it, and how does its mechanism work?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Is the question about a mill machine, a mill building or a factory called a mill?","kind":"boundary"}]}]},{"id":"power","name":"Power","description":"Power source.","findings":[{"id":"power-finding","name":"Power","description":"Power.","questions":[{"text":"How is or was the mill powered?","kind":"definition"},{"text":"Which entry fits the specific kind?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"process","name":"Process","description":"Milling processes.","layers":[{"id":"grinding","name":"Grinding","description":"Grinding and pressing.","findings":[{"id":"grinding-finding","name":"Grinding","description":"Grinding.","questions":[{"text":"How do millstones, rollers and presses process grain, seeds and other materials?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits flour milling?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"products","name":"Products","description":"Products.","findings":[{"id":"products-finding","name":"Products","description":"Products.","questions":[{"text":"What products come from different mills, and how are they regulated?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which references are standard?","kind":"provenance"}]}]}]},{"id":"history","name":"History","description":"History.","layers":[{"id":"development","name":"Development","description":"Development.","findings":[{"id":"development-finding","name":"Development","description":"Development.","questions":[{"text":"How did mills develop from querns through water and wind power to industrial milling?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits the history of technology?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"society","name":"Society","description":"Mills and society.","findings":[{"id":"society-finding","name":"Society","description":"Society.","questions":[{"text":"What role did mills play in rural economies and law, such as milling rights?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits economic history?","kind":"action"}]}]}]},{"id":"heritage","name":"Heritage","description":"Heritage and safety.","layers":[{"id":"preservation","name":"Preservation","description":"Preservation.","findings":[{"id":"preservation-finding","name":"Preservation","description":"Preservation.","questions":[{"text":"How are historic mills preserved and operated as heritage sites?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits industrial heritage?","kind":"action"}]}]},{"id":"safety","name":"Safety","description":"Safety.","findings":[{"id":"safety-finding","name":"Safety","description":"Safety.","questions":[{"text":"What hazards do mills present, and what standards apply?","kind":"provenance"},{"text":"Which entry fits dust explosion?","kind":"action"}]}]}]}]},"agentConduct":{"may":["Monitor a mill's output, wear and safety guards for its authorized operator.","Describe historic mills and their role in local economies."],"mustNot":["Run a mill with guards removed or emergency stops disabled.","Let people near moving stones, rollers or belts while a mill is running.","Ignore dust build-up in grain or flour mills, where dust can explode.","Alter a listed historic mill without heritage consent."],"requiresHuman":["Starting a mill after maintenance or a stoppage."]},"ethics":{"considerations":["Mills have crushed and maimed workers; guarding saves lives.","Historic mills are community heritage."],"affectedParties":["Mill workers","Visitors to working mills","Local communities"]},"owners":{"steward":"The operator of the mill; heritage bodies where it is listed.","roles":[],"masterSystems":[]},"relations":[{"target":"Q11019","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"Q1662011","type":"parent","note":"registry parent class"},{"target":"machine","type":"related","note":"a processing machine"},{"target":"industrial building","type":"related","note":"in the building sense"},{"target":"watermill","type":"related","note":"by power source"},{"target":"gristmill","type":"related","note":"by product"}],"interaction":{"identity":{"applicability":"required","items":["Vercy registry: vr.tr.mill","Wikidata: Q44494 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44494)"]},"properties":{"applicability":"required","items":["Mass:  kilograms - Determine machine mass by weighing or consulting verified specifications for the installed configuration.","Operating power:  kilowatts - Measure power input during operation and identify whether the measurement represents electrical or mechanical power.","Material throughput:  kilograms per hour - Measure processed mass over time for a stated feed material, moisture content and output size.","Feed particle size:  millimetres - Characterize incoming particle dimensions using sieving or an appropriate particle sizing method.","Product particle size:  millimetres - Characterize discharged material using sieving or an appropriate particle sizing method and report the size distribution."]},"recognition":{"applicability":"required","items":["A mill contains a mechanism that grinds, crushes or cuts solid material into smaller pieces.","Names based on product or power source support identification only when the device performs material size reduction.","Buildings and factories called mills are separate senses of the word.","Varies from a pair of millstones in a stone building with a waterwheel or sails to steel roller machinery in an industrial plant."]},"capabilities":{"applicability":"required","items":["identify kinds of mill and mechanisms","explain power sources and history","relay heritage and industrial information","separate senses"]},"hazards":{"applicability":"required","items":["Dust explosions in flour mills","Machinery injuries","Loss of historic mills","Sense confusion"]},"interfaces":{"applicability":"required","items":["Food safety rules for flour and oil mills","Heritage protection of historic mills","Machinery safety standards"]},"context":{"applicability":"required","items":["Grinding, pressing and processing materials.","gristmills and flour mills","oil mills including olive and palm oil mills","roller mills","butter, sugar and other food mills","sawmills, paper and textile mills","windmills and watermills by power source","hand mills and querns"]}},"sources":[{"title":"Wikidata item Q44494: mill","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44494","note":"identity and sense of the item"},{"title":"Wikipedia: Mill (grinding)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mill_%28grinding%29","note":"general description of the item"}],"openQuestions":["Should each kind of mill be a separate entry?","How should heritage registers be linked?","The registry entry has merged aliases naming specific mill types; should they be split off?"],"resources":{"spec":"/models/things/publications/thing-q44494/spec.json"},"provenance":{"origin":"thing registry research (pass 2)","builtFrom":["models/things/publications/thing-q44494/spec.json"],"providers":["Claude"],"researchStatus":"unreviewed","generatedAt":"2026-09-12T22:02:06Z","builder":"tools/build_cards.py@1.0.0"},"completeness":{"sections":{"classifiers":"filled","whatItIs":"filled","purpose":"filled","distinguishingFeatures":"filled","structure":"filled","agentConduct":"filled","ethics":"filled","owners":"filled","relations":"filled","interaction.identity":"filled","interaction.properties":"filled","interaction.recognition":"filled","interaction.capabilities":"filled","interaction.hazards":"filled","interaction.interfaces":"filled","interaction.context":"filled","sources":"filled"},"notes":{"_gate":"Published through the thing publication gate 1.0 on 2026-10-07T12:16:33+00:00: completeness 1.00; sense: Wikidata description; 2 live sources; review by codex: pass"},"score":1.0}}